Sarrafian S K
Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993 May(290):17-26.
The subtalar joint complex is formed by the posterior talocalcaneal joint and the acetabulum pedis lodging the talar head. The basic motion at the joint is that of male ovoid surfaces moving over female ovoid surfaces and vice versa. The motion generated at the joint is that of flexion-supination-adduction or extension-pronation-abduction. The subtalar motion is generated by the contour and orientation of the articular surfaces and is guided by the intrinsic ligaments: the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament of the canalis tarsi and the cervical ligament. Further support is provided by the extrinsic ligaments: the calcaneofibular ligament and the tibiocalcaneal fascicle of the deltoid ligament. Under tibiotalar vertical loading with internal rotation, the subtalar joint complex is in a close-pack position with maximum talar head surface contact in the acetabulum pedis. The component ligaments of the latter are under maximum tension. The posterior talocalcaneal surfaces are interlocked laterally.
距下关节复合体由距跟后关节和容纳距骨头的足舟骨组成。该关节的基本运动是男性卵形表面在女性卵形表面上移动，反之亦然。关节产生的运动是屈曲-旋后-内收或伸展-旋前-外展。距下运动由关节面的轮廓和方向产生，并由固有韧带引导：跗骨管的距跟骨间韧带和颈韧带。外在韧带提供进一步的支撑：跟腓韧带和三角韧带的胫跟束。在胫骨距骨垂直负荷并伴有内旋时，距下关节复合体处于紧密堆积位置，距骨头在足舟骨中的表面接触最大。后者的组成韧带处于最大张力。距跟后表面在外侧互锁。
