Schmitzberger R, Rhomberg K, Büchele H, Puchegger R, Schmitzberger-Natzmer D, Kemmler G, Panosch B
Department of Pediatrics, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993 Feb;15(2):68-74. doi: 10.1002/ppul.1950150203.
The effects of air pollution on pulmonary function and respiratory status was evaluated in 1,626 school aged children from a European Alpine region. Based on measurements of SO2, NO2, and O3 as well as infrared imaging and lichen mapping, three zones of exposure were defined. Results of standardized respiratory questionnaires, medical examinations, and lung function tests were compared among the children in the three different exposure zones. After controlling for age, sex, height, socioeconomic status, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoking, areas of increased SO2 and NO2 as well as areas of increased ozone (max. half hourly mean value, 146 ppb) were significantly associated with decrements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and flow rates at 50 and 75% of vital capacity (FEF50, FEF75). In addition, areas with increased ozone had a higher prevalence of asthma In all regions, maternal smoking was associated with reduced expiratory flow rates and increased prevalence of asthma. The results provide evidence that outdoor pollution and exposure to passive smoking are risk factors for childhood respiratory health.
对来自欧洲阿尔卑斯地区的1626名学龄儿童的空气污染对肺功能和呼吸状况的影响进行了评估。基于对二氧化硫、二氧化氮和臭氧的测量以及红外成像和地衣测绘，定义了三个暴露区域。对三个不同暴露区域儿童的标准化呼吸问卷、医学检查和肺功能测试结果进行了比较。在控制了年龄、性别、身高、社会经济地位和环境烟草烟雾暴露后，二氧化硫和二氧化氮增加的区域以及臭氧增加的区域（最大半小时平均值，146 ppb）与1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）以及肺活量50%和75%时的流速（FEF50、FEF75）下降显著相关。此外，臭氧增加的区域哮喘患病率更高。在所有地区，母亲吸烟与呼气流量降低和哮喘患病率增加有关。结果表明，室外污染和被动吸烟暴露是儿童呼吸健康的危险因素。
