Gray D
Department of Immunology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Immunol. 1993;11:49-77. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.000405.
The past five or six years has seen a resurgence of interest in immunological memory. Areas in which important advances have been made of late or in which problems in understanding persist are covered here: (i) Selection of virgin B cells for entry into the peripheral pool. (ii) Expression of immunoglobulin isotypes and other markers on memory B cells. (iii) Development of memory B cells as a separate lineage from primary response B cells. (iv) Sites of production of memory B cells. (v) Signals that rescue mutating B cells in germinal centers, forming the basis of affinity selection, and programming further differentiation. (vi) The myriad markers of memory T cells, in particular CD45R isoforms. (vii) Selective migration pathways of memory T cells and its possible molecular basis. (viii) The lifespan of memory cells and factors that influence their long-term survival. The data accumulated during this period which have vastly increased our understanding of memory have at the same time highlighted unresolved problems that could block further progress in the field. The thorny question that we cannot at present answer is: How does a memory cell differ from an activated cell and, in the case of T cells, from an effector cell? The problem bears on the interpretation of any study that sets out to correlate memory phenotype with memory function. Immunologists may have donned an intellectual straitjacket in their search for the memory cell.
在过去的五六年里，人们对免疫记忆的兴趣再度兴起。本文涵盖了近期取得重要进展或在理解上仍存在问题的领域：（i）初始B细胞进入外周库的选择。（ii）记忆B细胞上免疫球蛋白同种型和其他标志物的表达。（iii）记忆B细胞作为与初次反应B细胞不同谱系的发育。（iv）记忆B细胞的产生部位。（v）在生发中心拯救发生突变的B细胞的信号，这构成了亲和力选择的基础，并为进一步分化编程。（vi）记忆T细胞的众多标志物，特别是CD45R同种型。（vii）记忆T细胞的选择性迁移途径及其可能的分子基础。（viii）记忆细胞的寿命以及影响其长期存活的因素。在此期间积累的数据极大地增进了我们对记忆的理解，但同时也凸显了可能阻碍该领域进一步进展的未解决问题。我们目前无法回答的棘手问题是：记忆细胞与活化细胞有何不同，对于T细胞而言，与效应细胞又有何不同？这个问题关系到任何旨在将记忆表型与记忆功能相关联的研究的解释。免疫学家在寻找记忆细胞的过程中可能给自己套上了思维枷锁。
