Pedersen B K, Tvede N
Epidemiafdeling M og medicinsk afdeling TTA, Rigshospitalet, København.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1993 Mar 22;155(12):856-62.
The effects on the immune system of sudden physical exercise and degree of training are reviewed. During moderate as well as strenuous physical exercise natural killer (NK) cells especially, but also T and B cells are released into the blood. A few hours after moderate physical exercise the immune system is back to the pre-exercise state, but following strenuous exercise the lymphocyte concentration and the NK and B cell functions are suppressed. The immune suppression following strenuous exercise is at least partly due to release of prostaglandins from an elevated number of monocytes in the circulation. The importance of stress hormones for mediating the immune modulation is discussed. Examination of trained persons at rest show that these have elevated NK cell activity when compared to matched controls. There are sporadic reports in the literature, showing that persons who train moderately have fewer infections, while persons who train very hard have increased risk of upper respiratory diseases. These findings are in accordance with the observed immune modulation on moderate versus strenuous exercise. The effects of physical training in relation to acute and chronic diseases are evaluated.
本文综述了突然进行体育锻炼及训练程度对免疫系统的影响。在适度和剧烈体育锻炼期间，特别是自然杀伤（NK）细胞，还有T细胞和B细胞会释放到血液中。适度体育锻炼几小时后，免疫系统会恢复到运动前状态，但剧烈运动后，淋巴细胞浓度以及NK细胞和B细胞功能会受到抑制。剧烈运动后的免疫抑制至少部分归因于循环中单核细胞数量增加导致前列腺素的释放。文中讨论了应激激素在介导免疫调节中的重要性。对训练者在休息时的检查表明，与匹配的对照组相比，他们的NK细胞活性有所提高。文献中有零星报道表明，适度训练的人感染较少，而过度训练的人患呼吸道疾病的风险增加。这些发现与观察到的适度运动和剧烈运动对免疫的调节作用相符。本文还评估了体育锻炼对急慢性疾病的影响。
