Mickler S E
Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ.
AIDS Educ Prev. 1993 Spring;5(1):43-53.
Perceptions of their own and others' risk of contracting AIDS, AIDS knowledge, and extent of AIDS-preventive behavior (APB) were assessed in sexually active heterosexual college students (N = 80) to investigate why many college students fail to enact APB. Personal risk of contracting AIDS was estimated to be significantly lower than risk for each of a set hypothetical persons who varied in degree of similarity to respondents, p < .0001. ANOVAs indicated that males (F = 60.13, p < .0001), homosexual males and females (F = 62.55, p < .0001), and young adults not in college (F = 8.17, p < .005) were perceived as more likely to contract AIDS than females, heterosexuals, and college students, respectively. AIDS knowledge was related to accuracy of risk estimates, but was not predictive of APB. Lack of APB is discussed in terms of illusion of unique invulnerability and the characterization of AIDS as an outgroup problem. Implications and recommendations for AIDS-preventive education programs are discussed.
研究人员对80名有性活跃行为的异性恋大学生进行了调查，评估他们对自身及他人感染艾滋病风险的认知、艾滋病知识以及艾滋病预防行为（APB）的程度，以探究为何许多大学生未能采取艾滋病预防行为。结果显示，受访者估计自己感染艾滋病的个人风险显著低于一系列与他们相似度不同的假设对象的风险，p <.0001。方差分析表明，男性（F = 60.13，p <.0001）、男同性恋者和女同性恋者（F = 62.55，p <.0001）以及未上大学的年轻人（F = 8.17，p <.005）分别被认为比女性、异性恋者和大学生更易感染艾滋病。艾滋病知识与风险估计的准确性相关，但不能预测艾滋病预防行为。本文从独特无懈可击的错觉以及将艾滋病视为群体外问题的角度讨论了艾滋病预防行为缺失的问题。此外，还讨论了艾滋病预防教育项目的意义和建议。
