Schober M F
Department of Psychology, Graduate Faculty, New School for Social Research, New York, NY 10003.
Cognition. 1993 Apr;47(1):1-24. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90060-9.
Speakers can describe the locations of objects from their own perspective ("on my left" or "on the left"), their addressee's ("on your right" or "on the right"), or some perspective that avoids choosing one or the other person ("closer to both of us"). This study shows that speakers set spatial perspectives differently with actual conversational partners than with the usually studied imaginary addressees. Speakers with partners tended to use more egocentric perspectives than solo speakers. Pairs varied idiosyncratically in the perspective-setting strategies they picked, but all engaged in the same collaborative process: talking until both were sure they had understood each other. When conversational roles switched, the new speakers allocated spatial perspectives with remarkable precision, taking their partners' perspectives just as often as the partner had taken theirs. Speakers were more explicit about whose perspective they were taking when they held the floor for only one description than when they gave many descriptions in a row.
说话者可以从自己的视角（“在我左边”或“在左边”）、听话者的视角（“在你右边”或“在右边”），或者避免选择这一方或另一方的某个视角（“离我们俩都更近”）来描述物体的位置。这项研究表明，与通常所研究的想象中的听话者相比，说话者与实际对话伙伴设定空间视角的方式有所不同。有伙伴的说话者比独自说话者更倾向于使用以自我为中心的视角。两人一组在他们选择的视角设定策略上各有特点，但都参与了相同的协作过程：交谈直到双方都确定彼此理解。当对话角色转换时，新的说话者能非常精确地分配空间视角，采用对方视角的频率与对方采用自己视角的频率一样。与连续给出多个描述相比，当说话者只进行一次描述并占据话语权时，他们会更明确地表明自己所采用的是谁的视角。
