Greeley J D, Swift W, Prescott J, Heather N
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.
J Stud Alcohol. 1993 May;54(3):359-68. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1993.54.359.
Physiological responses and self-reported desire for alcohol were compared in heavy (n = 21) and light (n = 29) drinkers under each of two cue conditions. The cues were presented in a counterbalanced order and consisted of the sight, smell and taste of the subject's preferred alcoholic beverage (alcohol cue) and of a nonalcoholic lemon-flavored drink (neutral cue). Heavy drinkers showed a significant linear increase in reported desire for alcohol over time in the presence of the alcohol cue. This persistent increase in desire for alcohol seen in heavy drinkers contrasted with the initial increase shown by light drinkers which dissipated over time. Neither group showed any significant change in desire for alcohol when presented with the neutral cue. Heavy drinkers showed lower levels of skin conductance than light drinkers and all subjects showed changes in heart rate during exposure to both cues. Heart rate was affected differentially in the two groups of drinkers but only when the alcohol cue was presented first. Neither blood pressure nor stress and arousal levels changed significantly from pre- to post-cue presentations. The findings of this study have implications for understanding the nature and time course of cue-elicited desire for alcohol and its potential role in the development and treatment of alcohol dependence.
在两种提示条件下，对重度饮酒者（n = 21）和轻度饮酒者（n = 29）的生理反应及自我报告的饮酒欲望进行了比较。提示以平衡顺序呈现，包括受试者偏好的酒精饮料的视觉、嗅觉和味觉（酒精提示）以及一种非酒精柠檬味饮料（中性提示）。在酒精提示出现时，重度饮酒者报告的饮酒欲望随时间呈显著线性增加。重度饮酒者中持续增加的饮酒欲望与轻度饮酒者最初的增加形成对比，后者随时间消散。当呈现中性提示时，两组的饮酒欲望均未显示出任何显著变化。重度饮酒者的皮肤电导率水平低于轻度饮酒者，并且所有受试者在接触两种提示期间心率均有变化。两组饮酒者的心率受到不同影响，但仅在首先呈现酒精提示时。从提示呈现前到提示呈现后，血压、压力和唤醒水平均未显著变化。本研究结果对于理解提示引发的饮酒欲望的性质和时间进程及其在酒精依赖的发展和治疗中的潜在作用具有启示意义。
