Schmidt E D, van der Gaag R, Mourits M P, Koornneef L
University of Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, The Netherlands.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993 May;34(6):2130-7.
Clinical data indicate that extraocular muscles have different susceptibilities for some orbital immune disorders depending on their anatomic location. The resident immunocompetent cells may be important mediators in the local pathogenesis of such disorders so the distribution of these cells was studied in extraocular muscles obtained from normal human donors. For comparison skeletal muscles were studied.
The cell distributions were analyzed quantitatively in cryostat cross-sections subjected to a two-step immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies against T cells, B cells, macrophages and several other markers for cell differentiation or activation. The macrophage distribution was analyzed in more detail using on-line semiautomatic image analysis equipment (VIDAS, Kontron, Elektronik GmbH, Eching, Germany).
Extraocular muscles contain numerous macrophages, fewer human leukocyte antigenD-related (HLA-DR) positive cells and T cells, whereas B cells are absent. The numeric density of all cell types, and macrophages in particular, is much higher in extraocular muscles than in skeletal muscles. In extraocular muscles the majority of T cells are positive for the CD8 antigen (suppressor/cytotoxic), in skeletal muscle CD4 positive T cells (helper) predominate.
Extraocular muscles contain many more CD8-positive cells and macrophages per square millimeter than skeletal muscles. Of all the cell types studied, only the macrophage distribution differs significantly among the normal extraocular muscles: the medial and inferior recti muscles contain about twice as many macrophages as the lateral rectus and superior oblique muscles. Their mean sizes (area) or shape distributions however, appear to be similar.
临床数据表明，眼外肌因其解剖位置不同，对某些眼眶免疫疾病的易感性也不同。常驻免疫活性细胞可能是此类疾病局部发病机制中的重要介质，因此我们研究了从正常人类供体获取的眼外肌中这些细胞的分布情况。作为对照，我们也研究了骨骼肌。
使用针对T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞以及其他几种细胞分化或激活标志物的单克隆抗体，通过两步免疫过氧化物酶法对低温恒温器切片中的细胞分布进行定量分析。使用在线半自动图像分析设备（VIDAS，德国埃兴的康创电子有限公司）更详细地分析巨噬细胞的分布情况。
眼外肌含有大量巨噬细胞、较少的人类白细胞抗原D相关（HLA-DR）阳性细胞和T细胞，而B细胞不存在。所有细胞类型，尤其是巨噬细胞的数字密度，在眼外肌中比在骨骼肌中高得多。在眼外肌中，大多数T细胞CD8抗原呈阳性（抑制性/细胞毒性），在骨骼肌中CD4阳性T细胞（辅助性）占主导。
每平方毫米眼外肌中含有的CD8阳性细胞和巨噬细胞比骨骼肌多得多。在所有研究的细胞类型中，只有巨噬细胞在正常眼外肌中的分布有显著差异：内直肌和下直肌中的巨噬细胞数量约为外直肌和上斜肌中的两倍。然而，它们的平均大小（面积）或形状分布似乎相似。
