青少年吸烟预防项目的荟萃分析。
A meta-analysis of adolescent smoking prevention programs.
作者信息
Bruvold W H
机构信息
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1993 Jun;83(6):872-80. doi: 10.2105/ajph.83.6.872.
OBJECTIVES
A large number of studies evaluating adolescent smoking prevention programs have been published. Systematic quantitative reviews of this literature are needed to learn what does and does not work. The present meta-analysis focuses on the efficacy of school-based programs.
METHODS
Evaluations of 94 separate interventions were included in the meta-analysis. Studies were screened for methodological rigor and those with weaker methodology were segregated from those with more defensible methodology; major analyses focused on the latter.
RESULTS
Behavioral effect sizes were found to be largest for interventions with a social reinforcement orientation, moderate for interventions with either a developmental or a social norms orientation, and small for interventions with the traditional rational orientation. Attitude effect sizes followed the same pattern, but knowledge effect sizes were similar across all four orientation categories.
CONCLUSIONS
Because behavioral effect represents the fundamental objective of programs for prevention of adolescent tobacco use, the present results indicate that school-based programs should consider adopting interventions with a social reinforcement, social norms, or developmental orientation.
目标
大量评估青少年吸烟预防项目的研究已经发表。需要对这些文献进行系统的定量综述，以了解哪些方法有效，哪些无效。本荟萃分析聚焦于基于学校的项目的效果。
方法
94项独立干预措施的评估被纳入荟萃分析。对研究进行方法严谨性筛选，方法较弱的研究与方法更具说服力的研究分开；主要分析聚焦于后者。
结果
发现社会强化导向的干预措施行为效应量最大，发展导向或社会规范导向的干预措施效应量中等，传统理性导向的干预措施效应量较小。态度效应量遵循相同模式，但知识效应量在所有四个导向类别中相似。
结论
由于行为效应代表了预防青少年烟草使用项目的基本目标，目前的结果表明，基于学校的项目应考虑采用社会强化、社会规范或发展导向的干预措施。
Zotero 插件