Aloise P A
University of Florida.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1993 Apr;55(2):177-93. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1993.1010.
In the present study, a new method for conducting person perception research, the confirmability paradigm, was adapted for use with children. In the confirmability paradigm subjects are asked how many behaviors they require before attributing positive and negative traits to other people. This new procedure was used to study developmental differences in the amount of information required for trait inference, as well as negativity and egocentric biases in trait attribution. Subjects were 70 children in grades 3 through 5 and 46 college students. The study revealed that traits differ in the amount of behavioral information required for their inference. In addition, a developmental decrease in attribution criteria was detected for various traits. Evidence for a negativity bias in the attribution of several traits was also obtained. Subjects exhibited an egocentric bias in their trait ratings but not in their attribution criteria. The utility of this new approach for the study of person perception is discussed.
在本研究中，一种用于进行人物感知研究的新方法——可确证性范式，被改编用于儿童。在可确证性范式中，会询问受试者在将积极和消极特质归因于他人之前需要多少行为依据。这个新程序被用于研究特质推断所需信息量的发展差异，以及特质归因中的消极性和自我中心偏差。受试者包括70名三至五年级的儿童和46名大学生。研究表明，不同特质在推断时所需的行为信息量不同。此外，还检测到各种特质的归因标准在发展过程中有所降低。还获得了几个特质归因中存在消极偏差的证据。受试者在特质评分中表现出自我中心偏差，但在归因标准中没有。本文讨论了这种新方法在人物感知研究中的效用。
