Wolfe L A, Mottola M F
School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.
Can J Appl Physiol. 1993 Jun;18(2):119-47. doi: 10.1139/h93-011.
The endocrine effects of pregnancy cause striking changes in maternal metabolism, cardiovascular regulation, acid-base balance, and thermoregulation at rest and during standard submaximal exercise. The apparent purpose of these changes is to accommodate fetal needs in addition to those of the exercising woman. A significant body of evidence supports the hypothesis that healthy women can perform acute exercise of moderate intensity and duration without jeopardizing fetal well-being. Compiled studies also suggest that maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, L.min-1) and the work rate at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) are not significantly altered during the course of a normal pregnancy. However, some evidence suggests that maximal anaerobic power may be reduced. More information is needed on maternal cardiorespiratory function, carbohydrate metabolism, and acid-base balance at exercise intensities above OBLA and on fetal adaptability to strenuous maternal exercise. Recent studies support the view that moderate fitness conditioning can augment maternal metabolic and cardiopulmonary capacities without altering fetal development or pregnancy outcome. Implications of recent scientific studies for the design of aerobic exercise programs for pregnant women are discussed.
妊娠的内分泌效应会使孕妇在静息及标准亚极量运动期间的新陈代谢、心血管调节、酸碱平衡和体温调节发生显著变化。这些变化的明显目的是除满足运动女性自身需求外，还要满足胎儿的需求。大量证据支持这样一种假说，即健康女性能够进行中等强度和持续时间的急性运动，而不会危及胎儿健康。综合研究还表明，在正常妊娠过程中，最大摄氧量（VO2max，升·分钟⁻¹）和血乳酸积累起始时的工作负荷并无显著改变。然而，一些证据表明最大无氧功率可能会降低。对于高于血乳酸积累起始时运动强度下的孕妇心肺功能、碳水化合物代谢和酸碱平衡以及胎儿对母体剧烈运动的适应性，还需要更多信息。近期研究支持这样一种观点，即适度的健身训练可增强孕妇的代谢和心肺能力，而不会改变胎儿发育或妊娠结局。本文讨论了近期科学研究对孕妇有氧运动计划设计的启示。
