McCann K, McKenna H P
Intensive Care Unit, Mater Infirmorium Hospital, Belfast.
J Adv Nurs. 1993 May;18(5):838-46. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18050838.x.
The use of touch is an inherent part of nursing practice. This investigation examined the amount and type of touch received by elderly patients from nurses. It also attempted to assess elderly patients' perceptions of instrumental and expressive touch given by nurses. The Extended Model of Interpersonal Interaction formed the conceptual framework for the study. Non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews were the methods employed for data collection. Results tentatively suggest that most nurse-patient touch interactions in a care of the elderly ward are instrumental in nature. Expressive touches are predominantly given to body extremities. The gender of the nurse initiating touch and the part of the body touched influence the elderly patients' perception of the touch interaction. In particular, expressive touching behaviours by nurses that involve the leg, face and around the shoulders are perceived as uncomfortable. The only touching behaviour perceived as comfortable by all respondents was instrumental touching of the arm and shoulder by a female nurse. Elderly patients may misinterpret the goal or the motivation behind touch initiation by a nurse. Therefore, an awareness and a sensitivity towards elderly patients' needs and desires for tactile communication are required by nurses.
触摸的运用是护理实践中固有的一部分。本调查研究了老年患者从护士那里接受触摸的数量和类型。它还试图评估老年患者对护士给予的工具性触摸和情感性触摸的看法。人际互动扩展模型构成了该研究的概念框架。非参与观察和半结构化访谈是用于数据收集的方法。结果初步表明，在老年病房中，大多数护士与患者的触摸互动本质上是工具性的。情感性触摸主要施加于身体四肢。发起触摸的护士性别以及被触摸的身体部位会影响老年患者对触摸互动的看法。特别是，护士涉及腿部、面部和肩部周围的情感性触摸行为被视为不舒服。所有受访者都认为唯一舒适的触摸行为是女护士对手臂和肩部的工具性触摸。老年患者可能会误解护士发起触摸的目的或动机。因此，护士需要对老年患者在触觉交流方面的需求和愿望有认识并保持敏感。
