Routasalo P, Isola A
Department of Nursing, University of Turku, Finland.
Scand J Caring Sci. 1998;12(3):170-8.
The frequency of touching in nursing care situations increases with patients who are in poor condition. Patients in long-term care often require help from nurses in all their daily activities. Touching is also an important form of communication in situations where the individual is no longer capable of reciprocal verbal communication. In this study, 10 nursing care situations were video recorded in a long-term care institution. The patients needed much help and had problems with verbal communication. Data analysis was inspired by Ricoeur's philosophy (1976) and involved three steps: naive understanding, structural analysis and comprehensive understanding. The findings show that each nurse-patient pair had its own distinct patterns of interaction that had taken shape over the years. Some nurses stood very close to their patients and frequently hugged, patted and stroked them; others remained at a greater physical distance and did not touch their patients more than was necessary to perform their tasks. In spite of their different patterns, all the nurses were highly competent and skilful in their jobs.
在护理情境中，接触频率会随着病情较差的患者而增加。长期护理中的患者在日常活动中往往都需要护士的帮助。在个体无法进行双向言语交流的情况下，触摸也是一种重要的沟通形式。在本研究中，在一家长期护理机构对10个护理情境进行了视频记录。这些患者需要很多帮助，并且存在言语沟通问题。数据分析受到利科哲学（1976年）的启发，涉及三个步骤：朴素理解、结构分析和全面理解。研究结果表明，每对护士与患者都有各自独特的互动模式，这些模式是多年来形成的。一些护士与患者站得非常近，经常拥抱、轻拍和抚摸他们；另一些护士则与患者保持较大的身体距离，除了执行任务所需之外，不会过多触摸患者。尽管模式不同，但所有护士在工作中都非常称职且熟练。
