Heirich M A, Foote A, Erfurt J C, Konopka B
Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2054.
J Occup Med. 1993 May;35(5):510-7.
The relative impact of three different approaches to physical fitness at the work site on cardiovascular risk reduction is examined, based on before/after health screening of employees, and employees' reports of participation in physical exercise activities. The three approaches tested were: 1) a staffed physical fitness facility, 2) one-to-one counseling with at-risk employees, and 3) a combination of one-to-one counseling with employees plus organization of the work site to encourage peer support and mutual exercise activity at work. A fourth site is used as a control site. The program that was centered around a physical fitness facility had little measurable impact on cardiovascular risks, and showed results similar to those at the control site. Both of the other programs were more effective, with the combination of counseling and plant organization providing the best health outcomes in terms of frequency of exercise, adequacy of blood pressure control (among hypertensives), weight loss (among the overweight), and smoking cessation. These results indicate that systematic, ongoing outreach to enlist employees in various types of exercise programs is more effective than the presence of fitness facilities without such outreach. Moreover, significant increases in frequency of exercise can be sustained without a substantial investment in facilities.
基于员工健康筛查前后的情况以及员工参与体育锻炼活动的报告，研究了工作场所三种不同的健身方法对降低心血管疾病风险的相对影响。所测试的三种方法分别是：1）配备工作人员的健身设施；2）对有风险的员工进行一对一咨询；3）对员工进行一对一咨询并组织工作场所，以鼓励同事之间的支持和工作时的相互锻炼活动。第四个场所用作对照场所。以健身设施为中心的项目对心血管风险几乎没有可测量的影响，其结果与对照场所相似。其他两个项目都更有效，就锻炼频率、血压控制情况（高血压患者中）、体重减轻（超重者中）和戒烟而言，咨询与工厂组织相结合的方式能带来最佳的健康效果。这些结果表明，系统、持续地推广各类锻炼项目以吸引员工参与，比仅设有健身设施而不进行此类推广更有效。此外，无需大量投资建设设施，锻炼频率也能显著持续增加。
