Gamaleya N, Tagliaro F, Parshin A, Vrublevskii A, Bugari G, Dorizzi R, Ghielmi S, Marigo M
Laboratory of Immunochemistry, State Research Center of Addiction, Moscow, Russia.
Life Sci. 1993;53(2):99-105. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90656-n.
In the early 1970's, some papers appeared reporting an immune response to opiates in animals treated with morphine and in heroin addicts, but further researches failed to confirm these results in humans. The aim of the present work is investigating with a newly developed enzyme immunoassay the existence of specific antibodies to morphine in a group of opiate chronic users, controlled by means of the toxicological analysis of hair. Twenty five opiate addicts inpatients for detoxication treatments were investigated for the presence of morphine specific antibodies and for the morphine content in hair, as a marker of addiction to opiates. Antibodies to morphine were investigated using an original ELISA method using a morphine-human serum albumin conjugate immobilized into the wells of polystyrene microtiter plates. Morphine determinations in hair were accomplished by a radioimmunologic screening followed by HPLC confirmation of positive results. The group of opiate users, in which all the subjects resulted positive for morphine content in hair, showed in the ELISA test an average D OD% value significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001); in particular, 16 out of 25 addicts could be classified positive for anti-morphine antibodies, which were identified as IgM. Inhibition studies demonstrated Ka's for morphine ranging from 10(4) to 10(10) M-1 and a high cross reactivity for codeine. The presence of circulating antibodies specific to morphine in chronic users of opiates is strongly supported by the present findings.
20世纪70年代初，一些论文报道了用吗啡治疗的动物和海洛因成瘾者对阿片类药物有免疫反应，但进一步研究未能在人类中证实这些结果。本研究的目的是用一种新开发的酶免疫测定法，通过头发的毒理学分析来控制，调查一组阿片类药物慢性使用者中吗啡特异性抗体的存在情况。对25名接受解毒治疗的阿片类药物成瘾住院患者进行了吗啡特异性抗体的检测以及头发中吗啡含量的检测，头发中吗啡含量作为阿片类药物成瘾的一个指标。使用一种原始的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法检测吗啡抗体，该方法使用固定在聚苯乙烯微量滴定板孔中的吗啡 - 人血清白蛋白缀合物。头发中的吗啡测定通过放射免疫筛查完成，阳性结果用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）确认。在这组阿片类药物使用者中，所有受试者头发中的吗啡含量均呈阳性，在ELISA试验中，其平均D OD%值显著高于对照组（p < 0.001）；特别是，25名成瘾者中有16名抗吗啡抗体呈阳性，这些抗体被鉴定为IgM。抑制研究表明吗啡的亲和常数（Ka）范围为10⁴至10¹⁰ M⁻¹，对可待因有高交叉反应性。本研究结果有力地支持了阿片类药物慢性使用者中存在吗啡特异性循环抗体这一观点。
