Brådvik L, Berglund M
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 May;87(5):306-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03377.x.
Eighty-nine inpatients with a primary severe depression and melancholia who had committed suicide were investigated. They were admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden between 1956-1969 and died before 1984. Matched controls were selected. Case records were evaluated at index admission to find suicidal risk factors in melancholia. Prospective ratings were compared. Women committing suicide had higher scores than their controls on the items unmarried, non-compliance and suicide attempt but lower ratings on disharmonic childhood and non-severe physical disease. Men committing suicide had higher scores on the items heredity for psychosis and a brittle or sensitive personality. For the latter item suicide was related to life-weariness. Suicide attempt was related to acute onset and lack of psychomotor retardation. Two suicidal processes were proposed for men: one related to aggression and one not. Social factors seem less important in the prediction of suicide in melancholia than in depression in general.
对89例原发性重度抑郁伴 melancholia（忧郁症）且自杀的住院患者进行了调查。他们于1956年至1969年间入住瑞典隆德精神病科，并于1984年前死亡。选取了匹配的对照组。在首次入院时对病例记录进行评估，以寻找忧郁症中的自杀风险因素。比较了前瞻性评分。自杀女性在未婚、不依从和自杀未遂项目上的得分高于对照组，但在童年不和谐和非重度身体疾病项目上的评分较低。自杀男性在精神病遗传和性格脆弱或敏感项目上得分较高。对于后一个项目，自杀与厌世有关。自杀未遂与急性起病和无精神运动迟缓有关。提出了男性的两种自杀过程：一种与攻击性有关，另一种无关。与一般抑郁症相比，社会因素在忧郁症自杀预测中的重要性似乎较低。
