Greiff L, Erjefält I, Svensson C, Wollmer P, Alkner U, Andersson M, Persson C G
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden.
Clin Physiol. 1993 May;13(3):219-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.1993.tb00322.x.
The airway mucosa responds to inflammatory provocations with bulk exudation of plasma into the airway tissue (vascular exudation) and lumen (mucosal exudation). The intensity and time course of the exudative response can be relevantly examined by sampling and analysing airway surface liquids, because the luminal entry of plasma proteins/tracers promptly and quantitatively reflects the exudative response of the airways. The process of mucosal exudation of plasma is a prominent feature of airway inflammation and has been demonstrated in rhinitis, asthma, and bronchitis. Inflammatory mediators and allergen produce mucosal exudation of plasma into the airway lumen (outward permeability) whereas the solute absorption across the mucosa (inward permeability) is unaffected. Hence, in contrast to current views, we have demonstrated that in airway inflammation the solute absorption across the airway mucosa is not increased. The findings suggest the plasma exudation response also as a first line respiratory mucosal defence, allowing potent plasma protein systems to appear on an airway mucosa functionally intact as a barrier toward undue luminal material. Our data on plasma exudation and solute absorption across the mucosa of upper and lower airways further suggest the human nasal airways as a model relevant also for the tracheobronchial airways.
气道黏膜对炎症刺激的反应是血浆大量渗出到气道组织（血管渗出）和管腔（黏膜渗出）中。通过对气道表面液体进行采样和分析，可以相关地检查渗出反应的强度和时间进程，因为血浆蛋白/示踪剂进入管腔能迅速且定量地反映气道的渗出反应。血浆黏膜渗出过程是气道炎症的一个显著特征，已在鼻炎、哮喘和支气管炎中得到证实。炎症介质和变应原会使血浆黏膜渗出到气道管腔（外向通透性），而溶质跨黏膜的吸收（内向通透性）不受影响。因此，与当前观点相反，我们已经证明在气道炎症中，溶质跨气道黏膜的吸收并未增加。这些发现表明血浆渗出反应也是呼吸道黏膜的第一道防线，使有效的血浆蛋白系统能够出现在功能完整的气道黏膜上，作为对管腔内不当物质的屏障。我们关于血浆渗出和溶质跨上下气道黏膜吸收的数据进一步表明，人类鼻气道也是与气管支气管气道相关的模型。
