Hoshi T, Nakahara T, Tanaka H, Iwanaga T, Osaki Y, Fukumoto K, Naruki H, Takabayashi K, Hisatsune S, Gunji A
Institute of Public Health, Hosei University.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1993 Aug;40(8):644-52.
Based on the Maternal and Child Health Law, municipalities offer health education, health counseling, health examination, and home visitation service for three year old children and for their mothers. In order to determine personnel staffing requirements for the health examination of three year old children for municipalities in Japan for 1989, data from a questionnaire survey in 1990 conducted by the Ministry of Health, was analyzed. Questionnaires were sent to all municipalities and there were 3,198 responses for a response rate of 97.9%. Results showed that in 1989, only 7% of the 3,198 municipalities were able to perform health examinations for three year old children independently. However 83% of the cities which had populations 500,000 or more were able to perform the health examinations independently. In both the large cities designated by the Government and those cities which have Health Centers, the health personnel system adequately supported these health examinations. Due to the lack of health personnel, rural towns and villages with small populations required public health nurses to be assisted by other staff, most often public health nurses from prefectural Health Centers. For example, in those areas with populations less than 3,000, 43% of the total volume of the work required to be performed by public health nurses during the health examinations had to be covered by assistance for prefectural public health nurses.
根据《母婴健康法》，各市为三岁儿童及其母亲提供健康教育、健康咨询、健康检查和家访服务。为了确定日本各市1989年对三岁儿童进行健康检查所需的人员配备，对厚生省1990年进行的问卷调查数据进行了分析。问卷发送给了所有市，共收到3198份回复，回复率为97.9%。结果显示，1989年，在3198个市中，只有7%能够独立为三岁儿童进行健康检查。然而，人口在50万及以上的城市中，83%能够独立进行健康检查。在政府指定的大城市和设有保健中心的城市，卫生人员系统为这些健康检查提供了充分支持。由于卫生人员短缺，人口较少的乡镇和村庄需要公共卫生护士由其他人员协助，大多数情况下是由县保健中心的公共卫生护士协助。例如，在人口不足3000的地区，公共卫生护士在健康检查期间需要完成的工作总量中，有43%必须由县公共卫生护士的协助来完成。
