Hoshi T, Nakahara T, Takabayashi K, Gunji A
Tokyo Metropolitan University.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1995 Jul;42(7):511-20.
Based on the Maternal and Child Health Law, municipalities offer health education, health counseling, health examination, and home visitation service for children and their mothers. In order to determine the personnel staffing requirements for the health examinations of 6 and 9 month-old children conducted independently by municipalities in Japan in 1989, data from the questionnaire survey executed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1990 was analyzed. Questionnaires were sent to all municipalities and there were 3,198 responses for a response rate of 97.9% Results showed that in 1989, 27.5% of the 3,198 municipalities were able to perform health examinations for 6 month-old children and 24.7% for 9 month-old children. In the case of those cities which had populations over 10,000 but under 20,000, about 30% were able to perform the health examinations for 6 and 9 month-old children independently. In those cities which had health Centers, the health personnel system most adequately supported these health examinations. Due to the lack of health personnel, rural towns and villages with small populations required public health nurses to be assisted by other staff, most often public health nurses from prefectural Health Centers. For example, in those areas with populations less than 3,000, about 42-45% of the total volume of the work required to be performed by public health nurses during the health examinations for 6 and 9 month-old children had to be covered by assistance from prefectural public health nurses.
根据《母婴保健法》，各市为儿童及其母亲提供健康教育、健康咨询、健康检查和家访服务。为确定1989年日本各市独立开展的6个月和9个月儿童健康检查所需的人员配备，对厚生省1990年进行的问卷调查数据进行了分析。问卷发送给了所有市，共收到3198份回复，回复率为97.9%。结果显示，1989年，在3198个市中，27.5%的市能够对6个月大的儿童进行健康检查，24.7%的市能够对9个月大的儿童进行健康检查。在人口超过1万但不足2万的城市中，约30%的城市能够独立对6个月和9个月大的儿童进行健康检查。在设有保健中心的城市，卫生人员体系对这些健康检查提供了最充分的支持。由于卫生人员短缺，人口较少的乡镇需要公共卫生护士得到其他人员的协助，这些人员大多是来自县保健中心的公共卫生护士。例如，在人口不足3000人的地区，在对6个月和9个月大的儿童进行健康检查期间，公共卫生护士所需完成的工作总量中，约42% - 45%必须由县公共卫生护士提供协助。
