Greer F R
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 1995 Sep;22(3):759-77.
Hemorrhage in the infant from vitamin K deficiency is still a concern in pediatrics. Vitamin K given intramuscularly will largely prevent hemorrhagic disease in the newborn, even in infants who are exclusively breast-fed and are thus at the greatest risk for bleeding. The vitamin K content of human milk is very low compared with standard infant formulas. Results with oral vitamin K prophylaxis, currently used in some countries following the association found in a single report between childhood cancer and intramuscular vitamin K, are far more controversial. Any role of vitamin K in the prevention of IVH in premature infants has not been sufficiently demonstrated. Ongoing developments in this field will lead to improved methods of detecting early vitamin K deficiency and perhaps suitable alternatives to intramuscular vitamin K prophylaxis in the newborn.
婴儿因维生素K缺乏而出血仍是儿科学关注的问题。肌内注射维生素K在很大程度上可预防新生儿出血性疾病，即使是纯母乳喂养因而出血风险最大的婴儿。与标准婴儿配方奶粉相比，人乳中的维生素K含量非常低。目前在一些国家，口服维生素K预防法存在更多争议，此前在一份报告中发现儿童癌症与肌内注射维生素K有关联。维生素K在预防早产儿脑室内出血方面的任何作用尚未得到充分证实。该领域的持续发展将带来改进的早期维生素K缺乏检测方法，或许还会有适用于新生儿肌内注射维生素K预防法的合适替代方法。
