Jeong Heesoo, Vacanti Nathaniel M
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2020 Aug 26;17:73. doi: 10.1186/s12986-020-00491-7. eCollection 2020.
The kinetics and localization of the reactions of metabolism are coordinated by the enzymes that catalyze them. These enzymes are controlled via a myriad of mechanisms including inhibition/activation by metabolites, compartmentalization, thermodynamics, and nutrient sensing-based transcriptional or post-translational regulation; all of which are influenced as a network by the activities of metabolic enzymes and have downstream potential to exert direct or indirect control over protein abundances. Considering many of these enzymes are active only when one or more vitamin cofactors are present; the availability of vitamin cofactors likely yields a systems-influence over tissue proteomes. Furthermore, vitamins may influence protein abundances as nuclear receptor agonists, antioxidants, substrates for post-translational modifications, molecular signal transducers, and regulators of electrolyte homeostasis. Herein, studies of vitamin intake are explored for their contribution to unraveling vitamin influence over protein expression. As a body of work, these studies establish vitamin intake as a regulator of protein abundance; with the most powerful demonstrations reporting regulation of proteins directly related to the vitamin of interest. However, as a whole, the field has not kept pace with advances in proteomic platforms and analytical methodologies, and has not moved to validate mechanisms of regulation or potential for clinical application.
新陈代谢反应的动力学和定位由催化这些反应的酶来协调。这些酶通过多种机制进行调控，包括代谢物的抑制/激活、区室化、热力学以及基于营养感应的转录或翻译后调控；所有这些机制都作为一个网络受到代谢酶活性的影响，并且具有对蛋白质丰度施加直接或间接控制的下游潜力。考虑到许多这些酶仅在一种或多种维生素辅因子存在时才具有活性；维生素辅因子的可用性可能会对组织蛋白质组产生系统影响。此外，维生素可能作为核受体激动剂、抗氧化剂、翻译后修饰的底物、分子信号转导器以及电解质稳态的调节剂来影响蛋白质丰度。在此，探讨维生素摄入研究对揭示维生素对蛋白质表达影响的贡献。作为一系列研究工作，这些研究将维生素摄入确立为蛋白质丰度的调节剂；最有力的证据表明其对与所关注维生素直接相关的蛋白质具有调控作用。然而，总体而言，该领域未能跟上蛋白质组学平台和分析方法的进展，也尚未着手验证调控机制或临床应用潜力。
