Sweitzer G, Saito S
Musashi Institute of Technology, Tokyo.
J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 1995 Jun;24(1):88-93.
Daylighted workplaces can complicate the viewing of visual display unit (VDU) tasks. Incoming direct- and/or reflected-daylight components can distort surface luminance distributions in both the direct- and screen-reflected visual fields. Pupillary response to these sources moreover may differ significantly, for example, between window- and interior-exposures, affecting bilateral depth of field and accommodation. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that pupil diameter is a valid ergonomic indicator of visual comfort for viewing targets at workplaces with varying daylighting exposures. This hypothesis is tested by measuring the pupillary response of four VDU users, each while viewing three targets at each of six different workplaces in a daylighted room. An iriscorder is used to record pupil diameter independently for left and right eyes in response to keyboard, screen, and background-surround surface luminances. The significant differences in pupil diameter among the three targets at the six positions can be explained by the luminance differences rendered by the incoming daylight. On this basis, it is further hypothesized that smaller pupil diameters in response to a limited range of graduated luminances correspond to more comfortable viewing conditions. Provision of these viewing conditions hold implications for VDU workplace layout, work organization, and control of electric lighting and cooling loads.
采光良好的工作场所会使视觉显示单元（VDU）任务的观看变得复杂。入射的直射和/或反射日光成分会扭曲直视视野和屏幕反射视野中的表面亮度分布。此外，瞳孔对这些光源的反应可能会有显著差异，例如在靠窗和室内曝光之间，这会影响双眼的景深和调节。因此，据推测，瞳孔直径是在采光不同的工作场所观看目标时视觉舒适度的一个有效的人体工程学指标。通过测量四名VDU用户的瞳孔反应来检验这一假设，每位用户在采光良好的房间内的六个不同工作场所中观看三个目标时进行测量。使用虹膜记录仪独立记录左右眼对键盘、屏幕和背景周围表面亮度的瞳孔直径。六个位置上三个目标之间瞳孔直径的显著差异可以通过入射日光造成的亮度差异来解释。在此基础上，进一步推测，在有限范围的渐变亮度下较小的瞳孔直径对应于更舒适的观看条件。提供这些观看条件对VDU工作场所布局、工作组织以及电照明和制冷负荷的控制具有重要意义。
