Sato M I, Valent G U, Coimbrão C A, Coelho M C, Sanchez Sanchez P, Alonso C D, Martins M T
Microbiology Division, São Paulo State Environmental Sanitation Technology Company, (CETESB), Brazil.
Mutat Res. 1995 Dec;335(3):317-30. doi: 10.1016/0165-1161(95)00035-6.
The mutagenicity of airborne particulate matter at three different sites within the São Paulo urban area and the Cubatão industrial area, São Paulo State, Brazil, was evaluated using the Salmonella mutagenicity assay over a year's period (June 1990-May 1991). Total suspended particles (TSP) were collected using a Hi-vol sampler and extracted with methylene chloride by ultrasonication. Pooled seasonal extracts were tested using S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with and without metabolic activation (S9) and TA98NR and TA98/1,8-DNP6 without metabolic activation. Organic extracts of the samples with the highest monthly TSP concentration were also assayed for mutagenicity. All samples collected at São Paulo and Cubatão showed mutagenicity with strain TA98, and in general the addition of S9 did not modify the mutagenic response, suggesting the prevalence of direct-acting frameshift mutagens in the atmosphere of these sites. The mutagenicity detected in the urban areas of São Paulo (mainly downtown) was much higher than in the Cubatão industrial area and similar to the more urbanized cities in the world, where vehicle emissions are the major pollution source. Results obtained with the strains TA98NR and TA98/1,8-DNP6 suggested the presence of mononitro- and dinitroarenes contributed to the mutagenicity of these atmospheric samples. A seasonal variation was observed with higher levels of frameshift mutagens during Spring in São Paulo and Summer in Cubatão. During the Winter, more significant responses were found with strain TA100 in the presence of S9 at all sites. Monthly samples presented high levels of mutagenicity during the period of June to November. Results from this research provide support for Air Pollution Control Programs in the detection of the more potent organic mutagenic compounds in the atmosphere and may help in the establishment of priorities for control and regulatory actions.
在一年期间（1990年6月 - 1991年5月），使用沙门氏菌致突变性试验评估了巴西圣保罗州圣保罗市区和库巴唐工业区三个不同地点空气中颗粒物的致突变性。使用大容量采样器收集总悬浮颗粒物（TSP），并通过超声处理用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的季节性提取物使用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98和TA100在有和没有代谢激活（S9）的情况下进行测试，以及使用TA98NR和TA98/1,8 - DNP6在没有代谢激活的情况下进行测试。还对每月TSP浓度最高的样品的有机提取物进行了致突变性测定。在圣保罗和库巴唐采集的所有样品对菌株TA98均显示出致突变性，并且一般来说，添加S9并没有改变致突变反应，这表明这些地点大气中存在直接作用的移码诱变剂。在圣保罗市区（主要是市中心）检测到的致突变性远高于库巴唐工业区，并且与世界上城市化程度较高的城市相似，在这些城市中车辆排放是主要污染源。用菌株TA98NR和TA98/1,8 - DNP6获得的结果表明，单硝基和二硝基芳烃的存在导致了这些大气样品的致突变性。观察到季节性变化，圣保罗春季和库巴唐夏季的移码诱变剂水平较高。在冬季，所有地点在有S9存在的情况下，菌株TA100的反应更为显著。6月至11月期间的月度样品呈现出高水平的致突变性。这项研究的结果为空气污染控制计划检测大气中更具潜在危害的有机诱变化合物提供了支持，并可能有助于确定控制和监管行动的优先级。
