A rapid method for extraction and purification of DNA from dental plaque.

A rapid method based on previously described DNA extraction procedures was developed for the isolation of DNA from dental plaque samples. The isolated DNA is suitable for use in the PCR. Freeze-thawing, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and guanidine isothiocyanate were used to lyse cells and release DNA. The released DNA was adsorbed onto diatomaceous earth and purified by washing with guanidine isothiocyanate, ethanol, and acetone. The purified DNA was released from the diatomaceous earth into an aqueous buffer and analyzed by PCR with 16S rDNA primers (rDNA is DNA coding for rRNA). As judged from studies with pure cultures of a number of bacterial species, gram-negative and gram-positive organisms were lysed equally well by this procedure. The amount of PCR product was proportional to the number of cells analyzed over the range tested, 500 to 50,000 cells. On the basis of studies with plaque samples that were spiked with known quantities of the oral bacterium Treponema denticola, the DNA prepared from plaque was free of substances inhibitory to PCR. This method should have utility in molecular genetic studies of bacterial populations not only in uncultured plaque samples but also in other complex bacterial assemblages.