Caldwell J A, Caldwell J L, Crowley J S, Jones H D
U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL 36362-0577, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1995 Oct;66(10):930-7.
Around-the-clock operations often are mandated in combat, but while aircraft can function effectively throughout continuous 24-hour periods, aviators often cannot because of sleep loss. An efficacious countermeasure in sustained operations may be the administration of dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine).
Dexedrine will effectively prevent many of the performance problems associated with sleep deprivation in helicopter pilots.
A placebo-controlled, double blind study was conducted. Six U.S. Army helicopter pilots completed five flights in a UH-60 simulator while their performance was evaluated. Immediately following each flight, data were collected on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and subjective mood ratings. Testing sessions occurred at 0100, 0500, 0900, 1300, and 1700. One hour prior to each of the first three flights on drug-administration days, the aviators were given 10 mg of Dexedrine or placebo.
Dexedrine, in comparison to placebo, improved aviator simulator control on descents, straight-and-levels, standard-rate turns, and a left-descending turn. Performance was facilitated most noticeably at 0500, 0900, and 1700 (after 22, 26, and 34 hours of continuous wakefulness). EEG and mood data showed that alertness was sustained significantly by Dexedrine--there was reduced slow-wave EEG activity and improved rating of vigor and fatigue. No adverse behavioral or physiological effects were observed.
Dexedrine appears to be effective for sustaining helicopter pilot performance during short periods of sleep loss without producing adverse side effects.
全天候作战在战斗中经常是必要的，但虽然飞机能够在连续24小时期间有效运作，但飞行员常常因睡眠不足而无法如此。在持续作战中一种有效的对策可能是服用右旋苯丙胺（右旋安非他明）。
右旋安非他明将有效预防许多与直升机飞行员睡眠剥夺相关的操作问题。
进行了一项安慰剂对照的双盲研究。六名美国陆军直升机飞行员在UH - 60模拟器中完成了五次飞行，同时对他们的操作进行评估。每次飞行后立即收集脑电图（EEG）活动数据和主观情绪评分。测试时段为凌晨01:00、05:00、09:00、13:00和17:00。在用药日的前三次飞行前一小时，给飞行员服用10毫克右旋安非他明或安慰剂。
与安慰剂相比，右旋安非他明改善了飞行员在下降、直线平飞、标准速率转弯和左下降转弯时对模拟器的控制。在05:00、09:00和17:00（连续清醒22、26和34小时后）操作得到最显著改善。脑电图和情绪数据表明，右旋安非他明显著维持了警觉性——脑电图慢波活动减少，活力和疲劳评分改善。未观察到不良行为或生理影响。
右旋安非他明似乎在短时间睡眠不足期间对维持直升机飞行员的操作有效，且不会产生不良副作用。
