Wood Suzanne C, Anagnostaras Stephan G
Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0109, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0109, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Jan;202(1-3):197-206. doi: 10.1007/s00213-008-1185-9. Epub 2008 May 15.
With the use of prescription stimulants on the rise, it is important to examine the cognitive effects of low and moderate doses of stimulants rather than only those typical of addicts.
The present study examined the effects a range of doses (0.005-8 mg/kg) of D: -amphetamine sulfate on cued and contextual Pavlovian fear conditioning in mice.
In agreement with previous research, subjects administered with a moderately high dose of amphetamine (8 mg/kg) pre-training, typical of what addicts might take, displayed impaired conditioned freezing when tested off-drug. Alternately, subjects injected with a very low dose of amphetamine (0.005, 0.025, or 0.05 mg/kg) pre-training, similar to the therapeutic doses for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, displayed enhanced memory when tested off-drug. A control study showed that these effects were not due to state-dependent learning.
Thus, dose is a critical determinant of the cognitive effects of psychostimulants.
随着处方兴奋剂的使用呈上升趋势，研究低剂量和中等剂量兴奋剂的认知效应而非仅关注成瘾者的典型效应非常重要。
本研究考察了一系列剂量（0.005 - 8毫克/千克）的硫酸右苯丙胺对小鼠线索性和情境性巴甫洛夫恐惧条件反射的影响。
与先前研究一致，在训练前给予中等高剂量苯丙胺（8毫克/千克）的实验对象，这是成瘾者可能服用的典型剂量，在停药后测试时表现出条件性僵住反应受损。相反，在训练前注射极低剂量苯丙胺（0.005、0.025或0.05毫克/千克）的实验对象，类似于注意力缺陷多动障碍的治疗剂量，在停药后测试时表现出记忆增强。一项对照研究表明，这些效应并非由状态依存性学习导致。
因此，剂量是精神兴奋剂认知效应的关键决定因素。
