Diehl M, Willis S L, Schaie K W
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1995 Sep;10(3):478-91. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.10.3.478.
Older adults' ability to solve practical problems in 3 domains of daily living was assessed using a new measure of everyday problem solving, the Observed Tasks of Daily Living (OTDL). Findings showed that the OTDL formed internally consistent scales representing 3 distinct factors of everyday problem solving. Moreover, the OTDL showed convergent validity with related scales of a paper-and-pencil test. Older adults' performance on the OTDL was significantly correlated with their scores on measures of basic mental abilities. Path analysis showed that age affected older adults' performance on the OTDL directly and indirectly via cognitive abilities. Participants' education and health affected their everyday competence indirectly through cognitive abilities. The effects of perceptual speed and memory span were mediated by fluid and crystallized intelligence.
使用一种新的日常问题解决能力测量方法——日常生活观察任务（OTDL），对老年人在三个日常生活领域中解决实际问题的能力进行了评估。研究结果表明，OTDL形成了内部一致的量表，代表了日常问题解决的三个不同因素。此外，OTDL与纸笔测试的相关量表具有收敛效度。老年人在OTDL上的表现与他们在基本心理能力测量中的得分显著相关。路径分析表明，年龄直接和间接地通过认知能力影响老年人在OTDL上的表现。参与者的教育和健康状况通过认知能力间接影响他们的日常能力。感知速度和记忆广度的影响由流体智力和晶体智力介导。
