Denovo urothelial carcinoma of the upper and lower urinary tract in kidney--transplant patients with end-stage analgesic nephropathy.

Patients with end-stage analgesic nephropathy bear a higher risk for urothelial cancer than do patients with other renal diseases. In a retrospective study in patients with analgesic nephropathy and kidney transplants we analyzed the prevalence and clinical course of de novo urothelial cancer. Diagnosis of analgesic nephropathy was based on the patients' history and clinical data. Only patients under cyclosporine treatment were included. Between 1968 and 1993, 2,371 kidney transplants were performed on 2,072 patients in the Department of Abdominal and Transplant Surgery. The prevalence of analgesic nephropathy was 3.1%. Of 65 patients with analgesic nephropathy and kidney transplants, 10 (15.4%) developed urothelial carcinoma; 10.8%, bladder cancer; and 9.1%, renal pelvic cancer. The mean age at diagnosis was 56.1 years. Urothelial cancer occurred on average at 33.6 months posttransplantation. On average, 6 of 10 patients with urothelial cancer died of the disease at 16.9 months after the diagnosis. All patients with urothelial bladder cancer had a muscle-infiltrating tumor of moderate or high grade. Since urothelial renal pelvic cancer occurred in 9.1% of our patients with analgesic nephropathy and urological screening is insufficient in patients on dialysis, we suggest that prophylactic nephroureterectomy be performed on one side before transplantation and on the contralateral side at 3-6 months after transplantation. An aggressive approach is indicated in patients with urothelial cancer of the bladder.