Feigelman W, Kleinman P H, Lesieur H R, Millman R B, Lesser M L
Department of Sociology, Nassau Community College, Garden City, New York 11530, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Aug;39(2):75-81. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(95)01141-k.
This paper examines the correlates of problem gambling among a population of 220 methadone patients receiving treatment in the New York metropolitan area. Like most methadone patients, respondents were primarily adult males, ethnically mixed, of limited educational accomplishment and had long experiences with intravenous drug use. More than two-thirds of subjects had been convicted of one or more criminal offences. Analysis of the data showed seven percent of respondents to be probable pathological gamblers according to the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), indicating a high rate of gambling problems among this treatment population. Consistent with past studies, problem gamblers are more likely to be men, with histories of alcohol abuse, and with extensive criminal participation dating back to their teenage years. The data also suggested that problem gamblers who were also drug dependent were more likely to show greater evidence of social dysfunctionality compared to those who were exclusively substance abusers. More dually addicted respondents reported higher levels of recent heroin use, greater unemployment, and more reported hallucinations. Probable pathological gamblers who were substance abusers were also more likely to report being in conflict with their close friends. A multiple regression analysis suggested this to be the closest linked correlate to being a pathological gambler. Evidently, pathological gamblers create antipathy towards themselves as their compulsion to gamble is expressed; this in turn, may drive them toward further gambling, as they respond to this perceived opposition. These last preliminary findings will require further confirmation in future research.
本文研究了纽约大都市地区接受治疗的220名美沙酮患者中问题赌博的相关因素。与大多数美沙酮患者一样，受访者主要是成年男性，种族混合，教育程度有限，且有长期静脉注射吸毒经历。超过三分之二的受试者曾被判一项或多项刑事犯罪。数据分析显示，根据南橡树赌博筛查量表（SOGS），7%的受访者可能是病态赌徒，这表明该治疗人群中赌博问题发生率很高。与过去的研究一致，问题赌徒更可能是男性，有酗酒史，且自青少年时期就有广泛的犯罪参与经历。数据还表明，与单纯药物滥用者相比，同时依赖毒品的问题赌徒更有可能表现出更大的社会功能障碍迹象。更多双重成瘾的受访者报告近期海洛因使用量更高、失业率更高且幻觉更多。既是药物滥用者又是可能的病态赌徒的人也更有可能报告与亲密朋友发生冲突。多元回归分析表明，这是与成为病态赌徒最密切相关的因素。显然，病态赌徒在表现出赌博冲动时会引起他人对自己的反感；反过来，这可能会驱使他们进一步赌博，因为他们要应对这种感知到的反对。这些最后的初步发现需要在未来研究中进一步证实。
