Evans W J, Cui L, Starr A
Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine 92717-4290, USA.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1995 Oct;95(4):293-301. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(95)00055-4.
Behavioral and electrophysiological testing of olfactory function was performed in 33 normal human male and female subjects, 18-83 years of age. Acuity for odor identification and odor detection was verified by standard psychophysical tests. For evoked potential testing, a constant flow olfactometer provided odorant stimuli (amyl acetate) or air control stimuli that were presented to the right nostril by a nasal cannula at a flow rate of 5 l/min, duration of 40 msec and random interstimulus intervals of 6-30 sec. The behavioral tests revealed no significant difference between males and females, whereas increasing age was associated with a decline in performance on the odor identification test. No reproducible evoked potentials were recorded in response to the air control stimulus. Potentials to the odorant stimulus consisted of 4 components named P1, N1, P2 and N2. A significant correlation was found between P2 latency and odor identification test scores, suggesting a relationship between the generation of the P2 component and olfactory processing. P2 peak latency increased significantly with age at 2.5 msec/year. An age-related decline in N1-P2 interpeak amplitude was seen in male subjects. Topographic differences were seen in the P2 peak amplitude and the N1-P2 and P2-N2 interpeak amplitudes such that their amplitudes were greatest at Cz and Pz. On average, N1-P2 interpeak amplitudes were larger in the female subjects than in the male subjects, possibly revealing a hormonal influence on the olfactory event-related potential.
对33名年龄在18至83岁之间的正常男女受试者进行了嗅觉功能的行为学和电生理学测试。通过标准的心理物理学测试验证了气味识别和气味检测的敏锐度。在诱发电位测试中，一台恒流嗅觉计提供气味刺激物（乙酸戊酯）或空气对照刺激物，通过鼻插管以5升/分钟的流速、40毫秒的持续时间和6至30秒的随机刺激间隔呈现给右鼻孔。行为测试显示男性和女性之间没有显著差异，而年龄的增加与气味识别测试表现的下降有关。对空气对照刺激没有记录到可重复的诱发电位。对气味刺激物的电位由名为P1、N1、P2和N2的4个成分组成。发现P2潜伏期与气味识别测试分数之间存在显著相关性，表明P2成分的产生与嗅觉处理之间存在关系。P2峰值潜伏期随年龄显著增加，每年增加2.5毫秒。在男性受试者中观察到N1 - P2峰间振幅随年龄下降。在P2峰值振幅以及N1 - P2和P2 - N2峰间振幅中观察到地形差异，使得它们的振幅在Cz和Pz处最大。平均而言，女性受试者的N1 - P2峰间振幅大于男性受试者，这可能揭示了激素对嗅觉事件相关电位的影响。
