Mushegian A R, Shepherd R J
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0091, USA.
Microbiol Rev. 1995 Dec;59(4):548-78. doi: 10.1128/mr.59.4.548-578.1995.
Viruses have developed successful strategies for propagation at the expense of their host cells. Efficient gene expression, genome multiplication, and invasion of the host are enabled by virus-encoded genetic elements, many of which are well characterized. Sequences derived from plant DNA and RNA viruses can be used to control expression of other genes in vivo. The main groups of plant virus genetic elements useful in genetic engineering are reviewed, including the signals for DNA-dependent and RNA-dependent RNA synthesis, sequences on the virus mRNAs that enable translational control, and sequences that control processing and intracellular sorting of virus proteins. Use of plant viruses as extrachromosomal expression vectors is also discussed, along with the issue of their stability.
病毒已经进化出以宿主细胞为代价进行成功繁殖的策略。病毒编码的遗传元件能够实现高效的基因表达、基因组复制以及对宿主的入侵，其中许多元件已得到充分表征。源自植物DNA和RNA病毒的序列可用于在体内控制其他基因的表达。本文综述了在基因工程中有用的主要植物病毒遗传元件类别，包括依赖DNA和依赖RNA的RNA合成信号、病毒mRNA上能够实现翻译控制的序列，以及控制病毒蛋白加工和细胞内分选的序列。还讨论了将植物病毒用作染色体外表达载体的情况及其稳定性问题。
