Schwaber E A
Int J Psychoanal. 1995 Aug;76 ( Pt 4):711-22.
We tend to think of impasses as manifest, if often puzzling events, but they may also occur quietly, disguised. The analytic process may seem to be moving on course--yet, on further glance, there can be subtle evidence that some impasse, at times just emerging, may be, perhaps collusively, evaded. Often outside the patient's awareness, cues to its occurrence may be expressed in the vicissitudes of affect or state or shift in content. When such phenomena go unnoted as vital communications, ultimately, a more dramatic eruption may take place; or, perhaps more insidiously, some central conflictual feature of the patient's character continues unexamined, unabated. The author suggests an alteration in how we think about impasses--how pervasive they may be, even as we may believe we are seeing the ordinary ebbs and flows of resistances and defensive processes. Drawing upon four clinical examples, the effort is made to elucidate the link between our understanding and recognition of the presence of an impasse and our mode of analytic listening.
我们往往认为僵局是明显的，尽管常常令人困惑，但它们也可能悄然出现，隐匿无形。分析过程看似按部就班地推进——然而，再仔细审视，可能会有微妙的迹象表明，某种僵局有时刚刚浮现，却可能被（或许是串通一气地）回避了。这种情况常常在患者意识之外，其发生的线索可能体现在情感、状态的变化或内容的转变之中。当这些现象未被视为重要的交流信号而被忽略时，最终可能会发生更剧烈的爆发；或者，或许更具隐匿性的是，患者性格中某些核心的冲突特征将持续未被审视，毫无减弱之势。作者建议我们改变对僵局的看法——即使我们可能认为自己看到的只是抵抗和防御过程的正常起伏，也要认识到僵局可能是多么普遍。借助四个临床实例，努力阐明我们对僵局存在的理解与认知和我们的分析性倾听模式之间的联系。
