Kitazawa S
School Health Programs Dept., San Francisco Unified School District, California 94115, USA.
Public Health Nurs. 1995 Dec;12(6):409-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00170.x.
Tuberculosis has reemerged as an important public health concern, particularly with the rise in multi-drug-resistant strains. The homeless are at increased risk for infection, for active disease, and for incomplete treatment. Public health authorities have recommended that tuberculosis health education materials be developed specifically for residents and staff of homeless shelters. In this study, a diverse sample of 20 adult homeless-shelter residents responded to open-ended questions regarding 1) their knowledge of tuberculosis and tuberculosis screening and treatment, 2) their perceptions of access to health care services related to tuberculosis, and 3) their views of health education regarding tuberculosis. The majority of the subjects had limited knowledge of tuberculosis and of screening and treatment for the disease. Many had misconceptions about the disease, particularly regarding its transmission. An analysis of the subjects' responses within the framework of the Health Belief Model indicated that basic tuberculosis health education programs for residents of homeless shelters are needed. The study findings indicated that a small-group educational format utilizing written materials and video aids might be most effective.
结核病再度成为一个重要的公共卫生问题，尤其是随着多重耐药菌株的增多。无家可归者感染、患活动性疾病以及治疗不彻底的风险增加。公共卫生当局建议专门为无家可归者收容所的居民和工作人员编写结核病健康教育材料。在这项研究中，20名成年无家可归者收容所居民组成的多样化样本回答了关于以下方面的开放式问题：1）他们对结核病以及结核病筛查和治疗的了解；2）他们对获得与结核病相关的医疗服务的看法；3）他们对结核病健康教育的看法。大多数受试者对结核病以及该病的筛查和治疗了解有限。许多人对该病存在误解，尤其是关于其传播方式。在健康信念模型的框架内对受试者的回答进行分析表明，需要为无家可归者收容所的居民开展基本的结核病健康教育项目。研究结果表明，采用书面材料和视频辅助工具的小组教育形式可能最为有效。
