Hayward M D, Friedman S, Chen H
Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1996 Jan;51(1):S1-10. doi: 10.1093/geronb/51b.1.s1.
A multistate life table model is used to identify how labor force experiences and mortality determine the labor force participation rates (LFPRs) and the qualities of the retirement life cycle of Black and White older men. LFPRs and the life cycle measures are compared to assess inequities of retirement access for the racial groups. The results show that Blacks' lower LFPRs are a function of disability. Despite lower LFPRs than Whites, however, Blacks spend a greater portion of their lives both working and disabled, reducing the retirement period. Race differences in the retirement life cycle also are highly sensitive to mortality. Reducing Black mortality to that of Whites would substantially narrow the life cycle differences. The combination of higher disability and mortality rates among Blacks suggests that health is a key determinant of retirement inequity.
一个多状态生命表模型用于确定劳动力经历和死亡率如何决定黑人和白人老年男性的劳动力参与率（LFPRs）以及退休生命周期的质量。比较劳动力参与率和生命周期指标，以评估不同种族群体在退休机会方面的不平等。结果表明，黑人较低的劳动力参与率是残疾的一个函数。然而，尽管黑人的劳动力参与率低于白人，但他们一生中工作和残疾的时间占比更大，从而缩短了退休期。退休生命周期中的种族差异对死亡率也高度敏感。将黑人的死亡率降至白人水平将大幅缩小生命周期差异。黑人中较高的残疾率和死亡率表明，健康是退休不平等的关键决定因素。
