Bound J, Schoenbaum M, Waidmann T
Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48106-1248, USA.
Gerontologist. 1996 Jun;36(3):311-21. doi: 10.1093/geront/36.3.311.
We used the first wave of the Health and Retirement Survey to study the effect of health on the labor force activity of black and white men and women in their 50s. The evidence we present confirms the notion that health is an extremely important determinant of early labor force exit. Our estimates suggest that health differences between blacks and whites can account for most of the racial gap in labor force attachment for men. For women, when participation rates are comparable, our estimates imply that black women would be substantially more likely to work than white women were it not for the marked health differences. We also found for both men and women that poor health has a substantially larger effect on labor force behavior for blacks. The evidence suggests that these differences result from black/white differences in access to the resources necessary to retire.
我们利用健康与退休调查的第一轮数据，研究健康状况对50多岁黑人和白人男性及女性劳动力活动的影响。我们提供的证据证实了健康是劳动力提前退出的一个极其重要的决定因素这一观点。我们的估计表明，黑人和白人之间的健康差异可以解释男性劳动力附着方面的大部分种族差距。对于女性而言，当参与率可比时，我们的估计意味着，若不存在明显的健康差异，黑人女性比白人女性更有可能工作。我们还发现，对黑人和白人男性及女性来说，健康状况不佳对劳动力行为的影响对黑人要大得多。证据表明，这些差异源于黑人和白人在获取退休所需资源方面的差异。
