Sen C K
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley 94702, USA.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1995 Jul;39(3):177-96.
Although the use of oxygen as metabolic fuel allows an attractive harvest of energy rich phosphates per molecule of glucose, a significant fraction of oxygen utilized by the body incompletely reduced and is known to be toxic. Such partially reduced forms of oxygen and some of their derivatives are highly reactive pro-oxidants that are collectively referred to as reactive oxygen species (ROS). A multitude of factors are known to modulate the amount of ROS formation in the body. To escape ROS dependent toxicity biological structures have their protective machinery in the form of physiological antioxidants. It appears that the physiological antioxidants are not independently capable of completely detoxifying the ROS constantly produced by the body. The supply of exogenous antioxidants is thus crucial. Endo- and exogenous antioxidants act in concert to minimize ROS dependent damage. ROS are involved in the pathogenesis of a large number of clinical disorders. The sensitive balance between the pro- and anti- oxidant forces in the body appears to be very crucial in determining the state of health, well being and longevity. This article presents an introductory overview covering the current concepts related to oxidants and antioxidants with special reference to human health.
尽管将氧气用作代谢燃料能使每分子葡萄糖收获可观的富含能量的磷酸盐，但身体所利用的氧气中有很大一部分未被完全还原，且已知具有毒性。这种部分还原的氧形式及其一些衍生物是高活性的促氧化剂，统称为活性氧（ROS）。已知多种因素可调节体内ROS的生成量。为避免ROS依赖性毒性，生物结构具有以生理抗氧化剂形式存在的保护机制。生理抗氧化剂似乎无法独立地完全清除身体持续产生的ROS。因此，外源性抗氧化剂的供应至关重要。内源性和外源性抗氧化剂协同作用，以尽量减少ROS依赖性损伤。ROS参与了大量临床疾病的发病机制。体内促氧化剂和抗氧化剂力量之间的敏感平衡在决定健康、幸福和长寿状态方面似乎非常关键。本文提供了一个介绍性概述，涵盖了与氧化剂和抗氧化剂相关的当前概念，特别提及了人类健康。
