Gershberg F B, Shimamura A P
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, U.S.A.
Neuropsychologia. 1995 Oct;33(10):1305-33. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00103-a.
Free recall, use of organizational strategies, and interference effects were assessed in patients with frontal lobe lesions and control subjects. In three experiments, patients with frontal lobe lesions exhibited impaired free recall and reduced use of organizational strategies in tests of memory. Reduced use of strategies was observed on tests of recall of unrelated items, as measured by subjective organization, and on tests of recall of related items, as measured by both category clustering and subjective organization. Frontal patients benefited from strategy instruction at either study or test, suggesting that both encoding and retrieval processes are impaired by frontal lobe damage. These findings indicate that the free recall impairments exhibited by patients with frontal lobe lesions may be caused at least in part by deficits in the use of organizational strategies. In addition, when first-list learning was matched for patients and control subjects, patients with frontal lobe lesions exhibited relatively increased sensitivity to proactive interference during second-list learning.
对额叶病变患者和对照受试者进行了自由回忆、组织策略的运用及干扰效应的评估。在三项实验中，额叶病变患者在记忆测试中表现出自由回忆受损以及组织策略运用减少。在通过主观组织测量的无关项目回忆测试中，以及在通过类别聚类和主观组织测量的相关项目回忆测试中，均观察到策略运用减少。额叶病变患者在学习或测试时接受策略指导均有获益，这表明编码和提取过程均因额叶损伤而受损。这些发现表明，额叶病变患者表现出的自由回忆受损可能至少部分是由组织策略运用缺陷所致。此外，当患者和对照受试者的首列表学习相匹配时，额叶病变患者在第二列表学习期间对前摄干扰表现出相对更高的敏感性。
