边际成本与收益。
Marginal costs and benefits.
作者信息
Torgerson D J, Spencer A
机构信息
National Primary Care Research and Development Centre, University of York.
出版信息
BMJ. 1996 Jan 6;312(7022):35-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.312.7022.35.
Decision makers are interested in measuring the costs and benefits of various interventions, and sometimes they are presented with the average costs and benefits of alternative interventions and asked to compare these. Usually a newer intervention is being compared with an existing one, and the most appropriate comparison is not of average costs (and benefits) but of the extra--or marginal--costs (and benefits) of the new intervention. Reanalysis of the cost effectiveness ratio of biochemical screening of all women for Down's syndrome compared with age based screening shows that the marginal cost effectiveness of biochemical screening is 47,786 pounds, compared with an average cost effectiveness of 37,591 pounds. It may sometimes be difficult or costly to calculate marginal costs and benefits, but this should be done whenever possible.
决策者们有兴趣衡量各种干预措施的成本和收益，有时他们会面对替代干预措施的平均成本和收益，并被要求对这些进行比较。通常是将一种新的干预措施与现有的干预措施进行比较，而最合适的比较不是平均成本（和收益），而是新干预措施的额外——或边际——成本（和收益）。对所有女性唐氏综合征生化筛查与基于年龄的筛查的成本效益比进行重新分析表明，生化筛查的边际成本效益为47786英镑，而平均成本效益为37591英镑。计算边际成本和收益有时可能困难或成本高昂，但只要有可能就应该这样做。
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