Puig Barberà J, Márquez Calderón S
Unidad de Programas de Promoción de Salud, Dirección de Atención Primaria Area 02, Conselleria de Sanitat i Consum, Generalitat Valenciana.
Med Clin (Barc). 1995 Nov 18;105(17):645-8.
The acceptance of influenza vaccine has been slow as doubts about its effectiveness persist. The goal of this study is to review the existing evidence on influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations in non institutionalized elderly.
We have conducted a search in MEDLINE, including a period between 1984 and 1994, and of cross references, between 1980 and 1994. Twelve studies have been identified and valued independently by the authors. The results are combined through a graphic representation and the quantitative method proposed by Woolf.
Four studies have been excluded; two, because they did not satisfy the comparability principle; one, because it was a publication already published; and one because of small numbers. According to the graphic method, influenza vaccine prevents between 29 and 51 percent of pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations in the non institutionalized elderly. When results are integrated by the quantitative method, the odds ratio is 0.63 (CI 95%, 0.54 to 0.72). The percentage of pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations prevented by the influenza vaccine equals 37.40% (CI 95%, 27.81% to 45.72%) in the vaccinated.
The annual influenza immunization of those 65 years old or older is an effective primary prevention strategy.
由于对流感疫苗有效性的疑虑依然存在，其接种率一直不高。本研究的目的是回顾关于流感疫苗在预防非机构化老年人肺炎和流感住院方面有效性的现有证据。
我们在MEDLINE数据库进行了检索，检索时间段为1984年至1994年，并检索了1980年至1994年的参考文献。共识别出12项研究，由作者独立评估。通过图形表示法和伍尔夫提出的定量方法对结果进行汇总。
排除了4项研究；2项不符合可比性原则，1项是已发表过的文献，1项因样本量小。根据图形法，流感疫苗可预防非机构化老年人中29%至51%的肺炎和流感住院。采用定量方法综合结果时，优势比为0.63（95%置信区间，0.54至0.72）。接种流感疫苗预防的肺炎和流感住院百分比在接种者中为37.40%（95%置信区间，27.81%至45.72%）。
对65岁及以上老年人进行年度流感免疫接种是一种有效的一级预防策略。
