Howland J, Hingson R, Mangione T W, Bell N, Bak S
Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02118, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1996 Jan;86(1):93-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.86.1.93.
Men have higher drowning rates than women for most age groups. Data from a 1991 national household survey (n = 3042) on aquatic activities were used to examine hypotheses about differential drowning rates by sex. Men and women were compared by (1) exposure to aquatic environments; (2) frequency of aquatic activities involving or potentially involving, submersion; (3) swimming training and ability; (4) aquatic risk-taking behaviors; and (5) alcohol use on or near the water. Men had elevated risks for exposure, risk taking, and alcohol use. It was concluded that several factors contribute to their relatively high drowning rates, including a possible interaction between overestimation of abilities and heavy alcohol use.
在大多数年龄组中，男性溺水率高于女性。1991年一项关于水上活动的全国家庭调查（n = 3042）的数据被用于检验关于按性别划分的溺水率差异的假设。通过以下方面对男性和女性进行了比较：（1）接触水生环境的情况；（2）涉及或可能涉及浸没的水上活动频率；（3）游泳训练和能力；（4）水上冒险行为；以及（5）在水边或水上饮酒的情况。男性在接触、冒险和饮酒方面的风险较高。得出的结论是，有几个因素导致了他们相对较高的溺水率，包括能力高估与大量饮酒之间可能存在的相互作用。
