Hughes V, Stall R D, Klouri C, Barrett D C, Arevalo E I, Hearst N
Office of the Secretary of Health, State of São Paulo, Brazil.
AIDS. 1995 Jul;9 Suppl 1:S39-44.
The Brazilian Carnival is thought to be a time when the risk of HIV infection is likely to be high. We therefore compared the risk during Carnival to risk in the past month among male samba school participants in São Paulo, Brazil.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 male samba school drummers randomly sampled during rehearsal for the 1993 Carnival in São Paulo by means of a 20-min interviewer-administered questionnaire. The main outcome variable was condom use with non-steady partners.
The sexual behavior of 36.1% of subjects risked HIV infection, but only 9.7% of all subjects were at risk only during Carnival. Subjects with a sexual risk of HIV differed from those without risk in substance use, attitudes towards condoms and expectations about Carnival; those who were at risk only during Carnival did not differ from those who were at risk at other times. About half of the subjects had been given free condoms during Carnival, although few of the men at risk had actually used them.
Though more than a third of the drummers were at risk of HIV infection, only a small per cent were at risk only during Carnival. The level of sexual risk of HIV infection is probably better explained by factors in the men's daily lives, rather than through information on risks taken during Carnival. These results raise questions concerning the efficacy of universal condom distribution during Carnival, since about half of the men were given condoms but few of those at risk actually used them. A targeted distribution of condoms to populations with a high demonstrated risk may be more effective in preventing new HIV infection.
巴西狂欢节被认为是艾滋病毒感染风险可能很高的时期。因此，我们比较了巴西圣保罗男性桑巴学校参与者在狂欢节期间与过去一个月的感染风险。
通过一份由访谈员主持的20分钟问卷，对1993年圣保罗狂欢节排练期间随机抽取的380名男性桑巴学校鼓手进行了横断面研究。主要结果变量是与非固定性伴侣使用避孕套的情况。
36.1%的受试者的性行为有感染艾滋病毒的风险，但所有受试者中只有9.7%仅在狂欢节期间有风险。有感染艾滋病毒性风险的受试者与无风险的受试者在药物使用、对避孕套的态度以及对狂欢节的期望方面存在差异；仅在狂欢节期间有风险的受试者与在其他时间有风险的受试者没有差异。大约一半的受试者在狂欢节期间得到了免费避孕套，尽管有风险的男性中很少有人实际使用了它们。
虽然超过三分之一的鼓手有感染艾滋病毒的风险，但只有一小部分人仅在狂欢节期间有风险。艾滋病毒感染的性风险水平可能更多地由男性日常生活中的因素来解释，而不是通过狂欢节期间所冒风险的信息。这些结果引发了关于狂欢节期间普遍分发避孕套有效性的问题，因为大约一半的男性得到了避孕套，但有风险的男性中很少有人实际使用了它们。有针对性地向已证明有高风险的人群分发避孕套可能在预防新的艾滋病毒感染方面更有效。
