Ortega R M, Requejo A M, Andrés P, López-Sobaler A M, Redondo R, González-Fernández M
Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Br J Nutr. 1995 Dec;74(6):765-73. doi: 10.1079/bjn19950004.
The dietary patterns of sixty-four adolescents (thirty-seven young men and twenty-seven young women) between 15 and 17 years of age were examined by analysis of food, energy and nutrient intakes, over a period of 5 d, including a Sunday. Adolescents were identified for inclusion in two study groups: (1) overweight and obese subjects (O) with a BMI (kg/m2) > or = 75th percentile, and (2) subjects of normal weight (NW) with BMI < 75th percentile. The study was designed to investigate the differences between the energy and nutrient intakes of NW and O adolescents. No differences were found in energy intake between NW and O adolescents. However, O subjects derived a greater proportion of their energy from proteins (19.8% v 16.4% for NW subjects) and fats (45.4% v. 38.7% for NW subjects), and less from carbohydrates (34.6% v. 44.6% for NW subjects). Also, O subjects consumed significantly larger amounts of cholesterol. In order to prevent obesity and avoid the disorders associated with this condition, it appears necessary not only to regulate energy intake, but also to control the composition of the diet. Given that it is during infancy that feeding habits are developed, it is important to ensure that correct habits are acquired. Special attention should be given to improving the dietary habits of overweight and obese children and adolescents.
通过分析15至17岁的64名青少年（37名年轻男性和27名年轻女性）在包括一个周日在内的5天时间里的食物、能量和营养摄入量，对他们的饮食模式进行了研究。这些青少年被纳入两个研究组：（1）体重超重和肥胖的受试者（O组），BMI（kg/m²）大于或等于第75百分位数；（2）体重正常的受试者（NW组），BMI小于第75百分位数。该研究旨在调查NW组和O组青少年在能量和营养摄入方面的差异。NW组和O组青少年在能量摄入方面未发现差异。然而，O组受试者从蛋白质中获取的能量比例更高（NW组为16.4%，O组为19.8%），从脂肪中获取的能量比例也更高（NW组为38.7%，O组为45.4%），而从碳水化合物中获取的能量比例更低（NW组为44.6%，O组为34.6%）。此外，O组受试者摄入的胆固醇量显著更高。为了预防肥胖并避免与此状况相关的疾病，似乎不仅有必要调节能量摄入，还需控制饮食的构成。鉴于饮食习惯是在婴儿期形成的，确保养成正确的习惯很重要。应特别关注改善超重和肥胖儿童及青少年的饮食习惯。
