焊接暴露对肺功能测试和呼吸道症状的慢性影响。
Chronic effects of welding exposure on pulmonary function tests and respiratory symptoms.
作者信息
Ozdemir O, Numanoğlu N, Gönüllü U, Savaş I, Alper D, Gürses H
机构信息
Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, Turkey.
出版信息
Occup Environ Med. 1995 Dec;52(12):800-3. doi: 10.1136/oem.52.12.800.
OBJECTIVES
The respiratory effects of exposure to welding fumes have been investigated in numerous studies; but results of these studies have not been consistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the respiratory effects of welding exposure in a large group of manual are welders exposed primarily to mild steel welding processes in confined spaces without respiratory protection.
METHODS
Respiratory symptoms and spirometry were studied in 110 welders and 55 controls. The welders and controls were of similar average age and height; smoking habits of the groups were similar. Chest x ray films were taken to exclude people with radiological abnormalities that may influence pulmonary function tests. Welders were grouped according to smoking habits and duration of employment (< 20 years or > 20 years).
RESULTS
No gross radiological abnormalities were found. Respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis were more prevalent in welders (P < 0.05). Welders who were smokers showed a higher frequency of chronic bronchitis than controls who smoked (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the occurrence of chronic bronchitis was found between welders who smoked and welders who were non-smokers or exsmokers. Compared with the controls, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximum midexpiratory flow (MMEF) were significantly lower in welders (mean values of FVC for welders and controls were 86.06 (25.74) and 96.40 (13.03); and values for FEV1 were 87.54 (13.70) and 95.36 (12.40) respectively; P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in pulmonary function tests between welders who were non-smokers and controls who were non-smokers; whereas FVC, FEV1, PEF, and MMEF were significantly lower in welders who smoked than controls who smoked (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in pulmonary function tests and occurrence of chronic bronchitis between welders with more or less than 20 years at work.
CONCLUSION
Welders working in conditions of inadequate ventilation, have increased risk of chronic bronchitis and impairment of pulmonary function.
目的
大量研究已对接触焊接烟尘的呼吸影响进行了调查，但这些研究结果并不一致。本研究的目的是调查一大群主要在密闭空间中进行低碳钢焊接工艺且未采取呼吸防护措施的手工电弧焊工接触焊接的呼吸影响。
方法
对110名焊工和55名对照者进行了呼吸症状和肺活量测定研究。焊工和对照者的平均年龄和身高相似，两组的吸烟习惯也相似。拍摄胸部X光片以排除可能影响肺功能测试的有放射学异常的人。根据吸烟习惯和工作年限（<20年或>20年）对焊工进行分组。
结果
未发现明显的放射学异常。焊工的呼吸症状和慢性支气管炎更为普遍（P<0.05）。吸烟的焊工慢性支气管炎的发生率高于吸烟的对照者（P<0.05）。吸烟的焊工与不吸烟或已戒烟的焊工之间慢性支气管炎的发生率无显著差异。与对照者相比，焊工的用力肺活量（FVC）、一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、呼气峰值流速（PEF）和最大呼气中期流速（MMEF）显著降低（焊工和对照者的FVC平均值分别为86.06（25.74）和96.40（13.03）；FEV1值分别为87.54（13.70）和95.36（12.40）；P<0.01）。不吸烟的焊工与不吸烟的对照者之间肺功能测试无显著差异；而吸烟的焊工的FVC、FEV1、PEF和MMEF显著低于吸烟的对照者（P<0.01）。工作年限超过或不足20年的焊工在肺功能测试和慢性支气管炎发生率方面无显著差异。
结论
在通风不足条件下工作的焊工患慢性支气管炎和肺功能损害的风险增加。
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