Ramer J C, Paul-Murphy J, Brunson D, Murphy C J
Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1996 Jan 15;208(2):227-30.
To compare, in psittacines, the mydriatic effects of several topically applied curariform, sympathomimetic, and parasympatholytic drugs with and without the addition of surface-acting penetrating agents.
Prospective, randomized controlled trial.
10 adult cockatoos (Cacatua sulphurea subspecies), 2 adult African gray parrots (Psittacus erithacus), and 3 adult Blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva).
Three curariform drugs (d-tubocurarine, pancuronium, and vecuronium bromide) and 2 autonomic drugs (atropine and phenylephrine hydrochloride) were evaluated. Drugs were tested with and without the addition of a surface-acting penetrating agent, either saponin or benzalkonium chloride. The agent that resulted in the most significant change in pupillary diameter with the fewest systemic side effects in the cockatoos then was evaluated for its effects in the African gray parrots and the Blue-fronted Amazon parrots. During each drug trial, 1 eye was randomly selected to receive the control drug (0.9% NaCl), and the opposite eye was selected to receive the test drug. Each pupil was videotaped 5 (cockatoos only), 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes after treatment. Pupil diameters were measured by use of a computerized image analysis system. Data for pupil size were analyzed by means of repeated measures ANOVA.
Vecuronium without the addition of a surface-acting penetrating agent produced the most consistent and greatest pupillary dilatation in all 3 species with the fewest systemic side effects.
Vecuronium is potentially a clinically useful, topical mydriatic agent for use in avian species. Documented differences in the prevalence of systemic side effects between species suggests that caution should be applied when applying this drug bilaterally.
比较几种局部应用的箭毒样、拟交感神经和抗副交感神经药物在添加和不添加表面活性渗透剂的情况下对鹦鹉的散瞳效果。
前瞻性随机对照试验。
10只成年白凤头鹦鹉（小葵花凤头鹦鹉亚种）、2只成年非洲灰鹦鹉和3只成年蓝顶亚马逊鹦鹉。
评估三种箭毒样药物（d - 筒箭毒碱、泮库溴铵和维库溴铵）和两种自主神经药物（阿托品和盐酸去氧肾上腺素）。在添加和不添加表面活性渗透剂（皂苷或苯扎氯铵）的情况下对药物进行测试。然后评估在白凤头鹦鹉中导致瞳孔直径变化最显著且全身副作用最少的药物对非洲灰鹦鹉和蓝顶亚马逊鹦鹉的效果。在每次药物试验期间，随机选择一只眼睛接受对照药物（0.9%氯化钠），另一只眼睛接受测试药物。在治疗后5分钟（仅白凤头鹦鹉）、15分钟、30分钟、45分钟、60分钟和75分钟对每个瞳孔进行录像。使用计算机图像分析系统测量瞳孔直径。通过重复测量方差分析对瞳孔大小数据进行分析。
不添加表面活性渗透剂的维库溴铵在所有3个物种中产生了最一致且最大的瞳孔扩张，全身副作用最少。
维库溴铵可能是一种临床上有用的局部散瞳剂，可用于鸟类。已记录的不同物种全身副作用发生率的差异表明，双侧应用此药时应谨慎。
