Gullo L, Pezzilli R, Morselli-Labate A M
Institute of Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, St. Orsola Hospital, Italy.
Pancreas. 1995 Oct;11(3):223-9. doi: 10.1097/00006676-199510000-00002.
While cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, the role of alcohol, coffee and tea consumption remains controversial. In view of this, and because of the limited information on possible environmental risk factors of pancreatic cancer in Italy, we carried out this study. Five hundred seventy patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer and 570 controls from 14 Italian centers were studied. Using a standardized questionnaire, all were interviewed personally about their smoking habits, as well as habitual alcohol, coffee, and tea consumption throughout their lives prior to clinical onset of the disease. Details were also obtained on exposure to potential occupational carcinogens. A moderate association, statistically significant only in women (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-3.68), was found between pancreatic cancer and cigarette smoking, but none was observed with alcohol or tea consumption or with any particular occupational exposure. Consumption of 1 or 2 cups of coffee per day was not associated with increased risk; 3 coffees per day increased the risk, but not significantly (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-2.30); with consumption of more than 3 coffees per day the increase in risk was highly significant (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-4.18). A statistically significant dose-response relationship (p < 0.001) was observed in each sex. The association between coffee use and pancreatic cancer still held after controlling for potential confounding factors such as cigarette smoking or alcohol use, and when the analysis was restricted to nonsmoking coffee drinkers. The results of this study, one of the largest of its type so far published, suggest that a causal relationship may exist between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer.
虽然吸烟是胰腺癌公认的危险因素，但饮酒、喝咖啡和喝茶的作用仍存在争议。鉴于此，并且由于意大利关于胰腺癌可能的环境危险因素的信息有限，我们开展了这项研究。对来自意大利14个中心的570例新诊断的胰腺癌患者和570名对照者进行了研究。使用标准化问卷，就他们的吸烟习惯以及在疾病临床发作前一生中的饮酒、喝咖啡和喝茶习惯对所有人进行了个人访谈。还获取了有关潜在职业致癌物暴露的详细信息。胰腺癌与吸烟之间存在中度关联，仅在女性中具有统计学意义（比值比，2.18；95%置信区间，1.30 - 3.68），但未观察到与饮酒、喝茶或任何特定职业暴露有关联。每天饮用1或2杯咖啡与风险增加无关；每天饮用3杯咖啡会增加风险，但不显著（比值比，1.49；95%置信区间，0.97 - 2.30）；每天饮用超过3杯咖啡时，风险增加非常显著（比值比，2.53；95%置信区间，1.53 - 4.18）。在每种性别中均观察到具有统计学意义的剂量反应关系（p < 0.001）。在控制了吸烟或饮酒等潜在混杂因素后，以及在将分析限制于不吸烟的咖啡饮用者时，喝咖啡与胰腺癌之间的关联仍然成立。这项研究是迄今为止同类研究中规模最大的之一，其结果表明喝咖啡与胰腺癌之间可能存在因果关系。
