Xiu L J, Shang D P
Diabetes & Insulin Research Laboratory, First University Hospital, West China University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Soc Sci Med. 1995 Oct;41(8):1185-90. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00425-s.
The great impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the development of China economically and sociomedically was firstly recognized by knowing the overall prevalence of the disease being 0.67% in the whole country from a nationwide cooperative survey in 1980. Shortly after the cooperative survey an epidemiological study carried out in Chengdu yielded a prevalence in DM of 1.12%, which was almost double the overall prevalence and slightly higher than that of Beijing (1.10%)--the highest one among the 14 places in the cooperative study. Increasing prevalence of DM is a general trend. Over the past decade the incidence of diabetes in hospitalized patients at the First University Hospital, WCUMS, increased from 5.7 to 13.54 per thousand. Factors that fluence the increment of prevalence of DM include increase of total calorie intake (2680 kcal/day in 1990--close to the average world level), inappropriate high carbohydrate diet habit, change of life style, e.g. urbanization, mental stress, and ageing of the population. Primary and secondary care conducted in recent decades involve nutritional intervention, education via news media and workshop, foundation of prevention networks and providing better clinical and laboratory services, etc. Future improvement of diabetes care in this region is determined by activation of the public, motivation of the policy makers, more effective education and propagation by an influenced organization, fund support, man power and resources development, and domestic and international communications and collaborations.
1980年的一项全国性合作调查显示，糖尿病（DM）在全国的总体患病率为0.67%，这使人们首次认识到糖尿病对中国经济和社会医学发展的巨大影响。合作调查后不久，在成都进行的一项流行病学研究得出糖尿病患病率为1.12%，几乎是总体患病率的两倍，略高于北京（1.10%）——北京是合作研究中14个地区中患病率最高的。糖尿病患病率上升是一个普遍趋势。在过去十年中，华西第一医院住院患者的糖尿病发病率从千分之5.7上升到了千分之13.54。影响糖尿病患病率上升的因素包括总热量摄入增加（1990年为2680千卡/天——接近世界平均水平）、不适当的高碳水化合物饮食习惯、生活方式的改变，如城市化、精神压力以及人口老龄化。近几十年来开展的初级和二级护理包括营养干预、通过新闻媒体和讲习班进行教育、建立预防网络以及提供更好的临床和实验室服务等。该地区未来糖尿病护理的改善取决于公众的参与、政策制定者的积极性、有影响力的组织进行更有效的教育和宣传、资金支持、人力和资源开发以及国内外的交流与合作。
