Chipman M L
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 1995 Oct;27(5):699-706. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(95)00013-p.
Actions to prevent injury may address either individual behaviour or population practice. Factors associated with injuries in a variety of circumstances may be best suited to prevention at the level of population whereas more specific causes would not be. Data from the Ontario Health Survey were used to assess the similarities and differences between risk factors and injury in traffic crashes, at work and in other circumstances. Respondents reporting injury were compared with age- and sex-matched controls reporting no injury for reported alcohol ingestion, binge drinking and drinking and driving. In addition, data on the use of licit and illicit drugs, occupation and other demographic factors were compared. Variables showing consistent associations with injury included drug use, some measures of alcohol ingestion and reports of co-existing chronic disease. Many variables showed a variable pattern, including occupation, education and income. In many instances, these differences reflected differences in exposure to risk. Efforts at prevention related to alcohol or medication could be broadly based, whereas for other factors, more targeted prevention efforts would be appropriate.
预防伤害的行动可以针对个人行为或群体行为。在各种情况下与伤害相关的因素可能最适合在群体层面进行预防，而更具体的原因则不然。安大略省健康调查的数据被用于评估交通事故、工作场所及其他情况下风险因素与伤害之间的异同。将报告受伤的受访者与年龄和性别匹配的未受伤对照组进行比较，比较内容包括报告的酒精摄入、暴饮以及酒后驾车情况。此外，还比较了合法和非法药物使用、职业及其他人口统计学因素的数据。与伤害呈现出一致关联的变量包括药物使用、一些酒精摄入指标以及并存慢性病的报告。许多变量呈现出多变的模式，包括职业、教育程度和收入。在许多情况下，这些差异反映了风险暴露的差异。与酒精或药物相关的预防工作可以具有广泛的基础，而对于其他因素，则适合开展更具针对性的预防工作。
