Weir J P, Housh D J, Housh T J, Weir L L
Program in Physical Therapy, University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995 Nov;22(5):207-15. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1995.22.5.207.
Eccentric resistance training is an important component of many rehabilitation protocols. The adaptations following eccentric training are poorly understood in relation to concentric training. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of unilateral eccentric leg extension weight training and detraining on joint angle specificity, cross-training, and the bilateral deficit. Seventeen males volunteered to be subjects for this investigation and were divided into an eccentric training group (N = 9) and a control group (N = 8). The eccentric group performed 8 weeks of unilateral eccentric weight training with the nondominant limb three times per week (3-5 sets of six repetitions) followed by 8 weeks of detraining. These subjects were tested pretraining, posttraining, and following detraining for maximal isometric strength at three joint angles (15, 45, and 75 degrees) in both limbs as well as for the one-repetition maximum (1-RM) eccentric strength of the trained limb, untrained limb, and bilaterally. The results of this investigation indicated that the effects of the eccentric weight training were joint angle specific [significant increases at 45 and 75 degrees (p < 0.05)]. This effect was found in both limbs, indicating a cross-training effect that was joint angle specific. The results from the 1-RM analyses indicated that the bilateral deficit exists for eccentric contractions (untrained limb > bilateral at pretraining) and that unilateral eccentric training increases this effect (trained and untrained limbs > bilateral posttraining); however, the unilateral training also resulted in increased bilateral strength. Both the 1-RM and isometric analyses showed that the training effects persisted over 8 weeks of detraining.
离心阻力训练是许多康复方案的重要组成部分。与向心训练相比，人们对离心训练后的适应性了解较少。本研究的目的是探讨单侧离心腿部伸展负重训练及停训对关节角度特异性、交叉训练和双侧 deficit 的影响。17 名男性自愿参与本研究，并被分为离心训练组（N = 9）和对照组（N = 8）。离心训练组用非优势肢体进行 8 周的单侧离心负重训练，每周 3 次（3 - 5 组，每组 6 次重复），随后进行 8 周的停训。对这些受试者在训练前、训练后以及停训后进行测试，测量双下肢在三个关节角度（15°、45°和 75°）的最大等长力量，以及训练肢体、未训练肢体和双侧的 1 次重复最大量（1 - RM）离心力量。本研究结果表明，离心负重训练的效果具有关节角度特异性[在 45°和 75°时显著增加（p < 0.05）]。在双下肢均发现了这种效果，表明存在关节角度特异性的交叉训练效应。1 - RM 分析结果表明，离心收缩存在双侧 deficit（训练前未训练肢体 > 双侧），单侧离心训练会增加这种效应（训练后训练肢体和未训练肢体 > 双侧）；然而，单侧训练也导致双侧力量增加。1 - RM 和等长分析均表明，训练效果在 8 周的停训期间持续存在。
