Aström M, Arvidson T
Department of Orthopaedics, Malmö General Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995 Nov;22(5):216-22. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1995.22.5.216.
Biomechanical evaluation of the foot is based on the assumption that a vertical stance position of the calf and the calcaneus in subtalar neutral (the "ideal foot") provides optimal function with minimal risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to discuss the concept of the "ideal foot" with reference to a set of normative goniometric data. One-hundred and twenty-one healthy subjects (59 men and 62 women; mean age = 35 years; range = 20-50 years) participated in a standardized clinical assessment of ankle and subtalar joint motion, subtalar neutral, forefoot alignment, calcaneal stance, and the tibia to vertical angle. All subtalar measurements were referred to the neutral position. A majority had a subtalar neutral in slight valgus (overall mean = 2 degrees), a forefoot in moderate varus (overall mean = 6 degrees), and a calcaneal stance in valgus (overall mean = 7 degrees). The mean tibia to vertical angle was 6 degrees in varus. Women had a greater range of ankle and subtalar joint motion than men but age had little influence. None of the subjects conformed to the "ideal foot," which appears to be rare and should be abandoned in favor of a reference based on clinical observation rather than on theoretical considerations.
足部的生物力学评估基于这样一种假设，即小腿和跟骨在距下关节中立位时的垂直站立姿势（“理想足”）能提供最佳功能，且受伤风险最小。本研究的目的是参照一组标准的测角数据来探讨“理想足”的概念。121名健康受试者（59名男性和62名女性；平均年龄 = 35岁；范围 = 20 - 50岁）参与了踝关节和距下关节活动度、距下关节中立位、前足对线、跟骨站立位以及胫骨与垂直角度的标准化临床评估。所有距下关节测量均以中立位为参照。大多数受试者的距下关节中立位呈轻度外翻（总体均值 = 2度），前足呈中度内翻（总体均值 = 6度），跟骨站立位呈外翻（总体均值 = 7度）。胫骨与垂直角度的均值在内翻时为6度。女性的踝关节和距下关节活动度范围比男性大，但年龄影响不大。没有受试者符合“理想足”的标准，“理想足”似乎很罕见，应该摒弃，转而采用基于临床观察而非理论考量的参考标准。
