Bourne L E, Justesen D R, Abraham T, Beeker C, Brauchi J T, Whitaker L C
J Clin Psychol. 1977 Apr;33(2):324-34. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2<324::aid-jclp2270330202>3.0.co;2-r.
Two studies of conceptual rule-learning by 36 hospitalized psychiatric patients revealed that (a) while all were clinically diagnosed as schizophrenic, they differed widely in their ability to discover abstract rules; (b) the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) strongly predicted the patients' ability to learn and to apply a conceptual rule; and (c) regardless of severity of conceptual impairment, the patients were unaffected by modest levels of externally generated irrelevant information as presented through the modality of vision. Deficits in abstractive ability, when they exist, are believed to be due to a schizophrenic patient's inability to prevent task-irrelevant information that originates in long-term memory from spilling into and despoiling the operations of working memory.
两项针对36名住院精神科患者概念规则学习的研究表明：（a）虽然所有人临床诊断均为精神分裂症，但他们发现抽象规则的能力差异很大；（b）惠特克精神分裂症思维指数（WIST）能有力地预测患者学习和应用概念规则的能力；（c）无论概念损伤的严重程度如何，通过视觉方式呈现的适度外部产生的无关信息水平不会影响患者。当存在抽象能力缺陷时，据信是由于精神分裂症患者无法阻止源自长期记忆的与任务无关的信息涌入并破坏工作记忆的运作。
